ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 501 



in this protocorm. Whether the protocorm is a parenchymatous swell 

 ing of physiological meaning, or is a reduced form of stem, remains an 

 open question. In the anatomy of the young stem Holloway found 

 two main types. In L. cerniium and L. laterale the leaf -traces develop 

 tirst. but in L. BiUardierii, L. volubile, and L. scariosum the plerome 

 elements develop before those of the root and leaf ; and here the stele 

 is of more compact and definite structure. In the mature stem he 

 found two main types, the mixed and the banded. These types are 

 discussed. 



Saffordia, g. n.* — W. R. Maxon describes and figures Saffordia, 

 a new genus of ferns from the Peruvian Andes. It has the habit 

 of Dorij2Jteris, and the scaly covering and venation of Trachypteris, but 

 the fronds differ materially in structure. S. induta is the only species. 



Diplora and Triphlebia.f — E. B. Copeland has studied the Malayan 

 genera Diplora and Triphlebia and finds them both to be invalid — the 

 former being founded on a misconception of the structure, which is 

 really that of PhylUtis (Scolopendrium). Triphlehia is founded on in- 

 constant characters and partly on illusory ones. PhylUtis contains only 

 three well-defined species in the Malay-Polynesian region : P. scliizo- 

 carpa^ P, longifoUa, P. Durvillei. This last species is the most primitive 

 and is descended from Asphnium epip)hyticum or some similar form ; so 

 too are probably Stenochlaena and Asplenium nidus. 



Javan Ferns. % — E. B. Copeland pubhshes a list of fifteen selected 

 Javan ferns from the large collection of the Owen Bryant Expedition. 

 He describes four new species, and adds critical notes to the others. 



Bryophyta. 

 (By A. Gepp.) 



Development of Mosses. § — C. Servettaz, in giving an account of 

 his experimental researches on the development and nutrition of mosses 

 in sterilized media, discusses the duration of germination of moss-spores, 

 the mode of rupture of the spore-membrane, the structure of the proto- 

 nema, which may be either a cylindric or a beaded filament, but some- 

 times is a cell-mass ; and it may be creeping or erect or subterranean. 

 The septa of the protonema are initially at right angles with the axis of 

 the filament ; their obliquity and their torsion are but of secondary 

 origin. Ramification of the protonema arises from lateral or terminal 

 protuberances of the cells. The protonema can produce abundant pro- 

 pagula by detaching its cells. There is every transition between a 

 typical rhizoid and a protonema ; the oblique septa of rhizoids are not 

 due to absence of light. Bud-formation on the protonema depends 



* Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Ixi. No. 4 (Washington, 1913) 5 pp. (2 pis. and 

 figs.). . 



t Philippine Journ. Sci., viii. (1913) pp. 147-55 (3 pis.). 

 ; Philippine Journ. Sci., viii. (1913) pp. 139-43 (3 pis.). 

 § Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 9, xvii. (1913) pp. 111-224 (4 pis. and figs.). 



