480 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



ticular colour itself. The evidence goes to show in this case that the 

 sensitive or susceptible period is not a brief one, but extends through 

 the whole of the caterpillar stage. The caterpillars show a power of 

 distinguishing different brightnesses of colour. 



Mosaic Silkworm.* — L. Blaringhem calls attention to a rare "mosaic " 

 variation in a silkworm {Bombyx mori), a unique instance in a popula- 

 tion of 1,200,000 individuals. The point is the occurrence in a 

 selected " ver rave " race of a combination of two types — the " ver 

 raye " type predominating to the left side of the caterpillar, and the 

 remote recessive " ver blanc " type asserting itself on the right side. 



Stages in Life-history of Warbles. f — Clement Yaney distinguishes 

 four larval stages in species of Hypoderma. 1. There is the boring 

 larva which emerges from the Qgg, traverses the mucous membrane of 

 the alimentary canal, and lodges in the submucosa. 2. There is the 

 migratory larva, which develops in great part in the submucosa of the 

 erfllet, miirrates in the connective tissue to the subcutaneous tissue, and 

 finally perforates the dermis. 8. There is a short third stage, sedentary 

 in the skin and breathing atmospheric air. 4. There is the fourth 

 stage, which lasts for three months, and is sedentary until the host is 

 finally left. All the facts in regard to Hypoderma bovis confirm the 

 theory of Hinrichsen and Curtice that the parasite enters cattle by the 

 alimentary tract exclusively. 



Box Midge. J — J. Chame gives a detailed account of this little 

 Cecidomyid, Monarthropalpus huxi, whose larva is parasitic on the box 

 (Buxus sempervirens), burrowing in the interior of the parenchyma of 

 the leaves. Descriptions are given of the ^gg, the larva, the pupa, and 

 the imago. Attention is called to the liquid food, to the movements 

 of rotation and flexion, to the fixing organ called the spatula, to the 

 gall that is formed, to the life throughout the year. When the leaves 

 are dusted with flowers of sulphur the midge does not lay on them, and 

 this is the best known preventive measure. 



Sculpturing of Elytra in Carabus violasceus.§ — Fr. Sokolar has 

 studied the different kinds of sculpturing in this l)eetle, and their 

 geographical distribution in Central Europe. In the south and west it 

 has linear ribs, in the north and east it is granular. In the north and 

 east the sculpturing is finer and more delicate ; in the south and west 

 coarser and more prominent. One type passes gradually into another 

 in geographical distribution, and there seems to be no correlation with 

 orographical or hydrographical lines. The distribution of the (/labrellus, 

 crenatus, and exasperastus types of sculpturing is discussed in detail and 

 shown on a map. 



* C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, Ixxiv. (1913) pp. 1291-3. 



t Resumes des Communications, 9e Congres Internat. Zool. Monaco, 1913, 

 .-ser. 3, pp. 36-7. 



X Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., xvii. (1913) pp. 269-359 (3 pis. and 26 figs.). 

 § Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, Ixiii. (1913) pp. 91-7 (1 map). 



