ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 597 



Bryophyta. 

 (By A. Gepp.) 



Individuality of the Piastid.* — A. A. Sapehin proves the individu- 

 ality of the piastid by the examination of Bryophytes and Pteridophytes. 

 He followed the behaviour of the piastid partly in living:, partly in fixed 

 material, in the spore, the protonema, the apical cell of the young and 

 old stem, during ovo- and spermato-genesis, in the emljryo and its apical 

 cell, in the archesporium, and again in the spore. Everywhere he found 

 that each piastid arises only from another one, by division. The indi- 

 viduality of plastids was clearly demonstrated. As regards chondrio- 

 somes, the author, in contradistinction to Rudolph, states that he found 

 them present in all mosses he examined {FolytricJmm^ Funaria, Bryum, 

 Mnkim), mainly in the form of mitochondria, but sometimes as " chon- 

 driokonten," or " chondriomiten." He is convinced that plastids and 

 chondriosomes are quite independent of one another. These various 

 bodies are figured. 



Moss-flora for Beginners. f — W. Lorch has prepared a moss-flora 

 for beginners, adapted to the region covered by Limpricht's " Laub- 

 moose," namely Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Switzerland. In the 

 introduction the author describes the development, the inner and outer 

 structure of mosses, and their reproduction. He also gives instruction 

 to beginners concerning examination of mosses, excursions, the collec- 

 tion and preparation for the herbarium, and hints on the use of keys 

 for determination. The keys in the book are not arranged systematically, 

 but are intended to help the student to arrive at the correct name of 

 any moss. Figures are numerous, and are intercalated in the text. 



Monoclea.l — Y. Schiffner publishes some phylogenetic studies of 

 the genus Jlonoclea, and discusses the evidence which we possess for 

 giving this hepatic its proper systematic position : — (1) structure of 

 the frond and rhizoids ; (2) development and structure of antheridia 

 and archegonia ; (:->) structure of sporogonium capsule- wall ; (4) position 

 and structure of the male receptacle. He discusses point by point the 

 arguments adduced by Campbell, Johnson, and Cavers in favour of 

 referring this genus to the Marchantiacese, and demonstrates in each 

 case that it could on the evidence be equally well referred to the 

 Jungermanniales. In fact, he is convinced that it should be placed 

 among the anacrogynous Jungermanniae, as perhaps a special family 

 situated between Leptothecacese and Haplomitrite. 



Anthoceros dichotomus.§ — C. and R. Douin publish notes on the 

 morphology and structure of AntJwceros dichotomus, and a few other 

 rare hepatics. Having cultivated the little-known A. dichotomus during 



* Ber. Deutsch. Eot. GeselL, xxxi. (1913) pp. 321-4 (1 pi.). 



t G. Lindau, Kryptogamenflora fiir Anfanger. Berlin : J. Springer (1913) v. 

 (Die Laubnaoose) 250 pp. (265 figs.). See also Bot. Centralbl., cxxiii. (1913) p. 38. 

 X Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr.,lxiii. (1913) pp. 29-33, 75-81, 113-21, 154-9 (1 fig.) 

 § Eev. Bryolog., xl. (1913) pp. 71-6 (1 pi.). 



