ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 609 



the aBcidiuin form grows on Abies ba/samea, and has been known as 

 Peridermium balsameum. This latter has been identified as giving rise 

 to mst on five different species of ferus. These rnsts liave been regarded 

 as distinct species : further experimental cultures are required to establish 

 their relationship with each other. Fraser has further found that 

 teleutospores of Pncciniadriim MyrtilU taken from Vaccinium canadense 

 infected Tsuga canadense ; spores of Melampsora niedusse on Fopidus 

 grand identa fa also infected Tsuga canadensis : and those of Melampsora 

 arctica on Salix infected Abies balsamea. 



Study of Cladoderris.* — C. G. Lloyd has given the results of his 

 study of this small tropical genus of the larger fungi. It is close to 

 Sterevm, but differs in the ribbed (often papillate) hymenium. It has 

 hyahne spores. Some :^2 species have been described, but Lloyd finds 

 that a number of these are duplicates or belong to closely allied genera, 

 and probably there are only five known with distinctive characters. 

 Figures are given of these, and their peculiarities are described. 



Contribution to the Knowledge of the Hymenomycetes.t— A 

 cultural study of a simple Basidiomycete, Hypochnus terrestris sp. n. has 

 enabled Hans Kniep to follow the entire development of the fungus 

 from spore to spore. The species experimented w^ith was found in great 

 abundance on soil, fallen leaves, etc., and was characterized by the 

 formation of candelabra-like basidia at the tips of the branches. The 

 filaments consist of binucleate cells which fuse in the young basidium 

 and a diploid nucleus results with about eight chromosomes. The first 

 division that follows is heterotypic, and the nucleus is again haploid 

 with four chromosomes. A second division gives four nuclei, each one 

 of which wanders into the basidiospore and there divides again, so that 

 the mature spore always contains two nuclei. If the basidiospore, as 

 frequently happens, germinates at each end, the nuclei undergo conju- 

 gate division. Each cell is binucleate until the basidium is again 

 formed. The tw^o nuclei do not arise from any sexual act. 



In Coprinus nycthemerus the dark-coloured spores germinate at the 

 apex, and the young germinating tubes are frequently multinucleate. 

 From it arise numerous normally uninucleate-celled branches. In older 

 mycelium binucleate cells occur more often. The formation of clamp 

 connexions was carefully followed. A projection arises from the cell 

 near to the septum, and bends over, uniting with the cell immediately 

 below\ Two small strongly staining bodies are at first visible but 

 later they degenerate. Though tlie binucleate condition of the cells 

 was not regular, the two nuclei were always present in the basidium. A 

 full bibliography of the subject is appended. 



Study of Structure, etc. in PolyporaceaB.J — Adeline Ames has 

 made an examination of a large number of pore-forming fungi. She 

 sketches the classification adopted by different workers, and gives an 



* Cincinnati, Ohio, 1913, 11 pp. (11 figs.). 



t Zeitschr. Bot., v. (1913) pp. 593-637 (4 pis.). 



X Ann. MycoL, xl. (1913) pp. 211-53 (4 pis.). 



Dec. 17th, 1913 2 s 



