NUTRITION LABORATORY. 



271 



(3) Gaseous exchange with unpracticed subjects and two respiration apparatus employing 

 three breathing apphances. M. F. Hendry, T. M. Carpenter, and L. E. 

 Emmes. Boston Med. and Surg. Journ., 181, 28.5, 334, and 368 (1919). 



The respiratory exchange of 17 medical students, unpracticed with regard 

 to respiratory studies employing breathing appliances, was measured in 

 duphcate determinations with the portable respiration apparatus (Benedict) 

 and a respiratory-valve apparatus, using mouthpiece, pneumatic nosepieces, 

 or a half-face mask. Six different sequences of combinations of breathing 

 appliance and respiration apparatus were utilized. All subjects were awake, 

 inactive, and in the post-absorptive state. The averages of all results with 

 the two types of respiration apparatus and the averages of the results obtained 

 with the three breathing apphances are given in the table herewith. 



Average of results obtained in the measurment of respiratory exchange with 17 unpracticed 



subjects. 

 [Values per minute.] 



Apparatus 



£•2 



3^ 



Expired air. 



CO2 O2 deficit 



With 2 types of apparatus: 



Portable 



Respiratory valve 



With 3 breathing appliances: 



Nosepieces 



Mouthpiece 



Mask 



c.c. 

 202 

 190 



c.c. 

 238 

 233 



0.85 

 .82 



14.5 

 14.2 



liters. 

 6.47 

 5.26 



c.c. 

 556 

 464 



p. ct. 

 3.22 

 3.67 



p. ct. 

 3.77 

 4.48 



196 

 201 

 191 



235 

 238 

 235 



0.84 

 .85 



.81 



13.8 

 14.5 



14.7 



5.40 

 5.83 

 6.36 



494 

 503 

 534 



3.72 

 3.52 

 3.10 



4.41 

 4.17 

 3.80 



The specific practical appHcations and recommendations in regard to chni- 

 cal use of apparatus for the measurement of the respiratory exchange are as 

 follows: All of the combinations of respiration apparatus and breathing 

 appliances give reliable results in the measurement of oxygen consumption. 

 The most efficient combination for this purpose is the portable respiration 

 apparatus and mouthpiece; when only basal metabohsm is desired, the 

 measurement of oxygen consumption alone is sufficient. When it is desired 

 to investigate the action of food and drugs upon both the character and the 

 quantitative relationships of metabolism, the respiratory-valve apparatus 

 and mask, with a practiced subject, is the only combination that will give 

 reliable scientific results. 



The oxj^gen consumption and respiratory quotient during the period be- 

 tween 8''30'" a.m. and 12'>30°' p.m., with the subject in the post-absorptive 

 state, awake, and at rest, do not show material change in level on the basis of 

 the average of results obtained with the 17 men. 



(4) A biometric study of basal metabolism in man. J. Arthur Harris and Francis G. 

 Benedict. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 279 (1919). 



This volume presents a first attempt at a more refined analysis of the data 

 of basal metabolism by means of the higher statistical or biometric formulge. 

 Measurements of 136 men, 103 women, and 94 new-born infants, all of which 



