264 E - w - CARLIER 



Busachi (i) in hypertrophiée! muscle fibres. In 1889 Heymans(2) described 

 similar bridges in the muscles of the leech; and they hâve again in the 

 case of mammals been more recently described by Barfurth (3) and by 

 Carl Klecki (4), in 1891; by C. de Bruyne (5), in 1892; and by Guido 

 Werner (6) and by Boheman (7), in 1894. 



Similar bridges hâve been described as uniting the endothelial cells in 

 the serous membranes and blood vessels, by A. Kolossow (8) in 1893 and 

 by G. Muscatello (9) in 1895. 



Paladino (10) described bridges Connecting the cclls in the Graafian 

 follicles. 



With regard to columnar epithelium A. Nicolas (1 1), in a study of the 

 alimentary canal of the frog, described the cells as united by bridges and 

 states that in longitudinal sections of the epithelium the cells could be seen 

 connected below the level of the nucleus by bridges of protoplasm, and 

 in 1892 Ogneff (12) described similar bridges between the columnar cells 

 of the stomach in the cat and rabbit; but Stohr(i3) in the same year 

 and Cloetta(i4) in 1893 denied their existence, stating that the projec- 

 tions they noticed in the columnar cells were due to shrinkage of the cell 

 protoplasm from the cell walls; but Cohn (15) in 1895 reaffirms their 

 existence and figures them in the stomach of the salamander. 



For the purpose of this research the tissues were fixed by injecting 

 picro-corrosive sublimate solution (G. Mann's formula Sp. Gr. 1020) heated 

 to the body température, through the aorta of animais just killed, and were 



(1) Busachi : Ziegler and Nauwerk, Tathology. 1S8S, Bd. IV. 



(2) J. F. Heymans : Mémoire d'anatomie générale; Bruxelles, 1SS9. 



(3) D. Barfurth : Ucbcr Zellbrùcken glatter Muskelfasern ; Arch. f. mikr. Anat., 1S91, Bd. 38. 



(4) Carl Klecki : Experimentelle Cntersuchungen Uber die Zellbrùcken in der Darmmuskulatur der 

 Raubtiere; Dorpat, 1S91. 



(5) C. de Bruyne : Contribution à l'étude de l'union intime des fibres musculaires lisses; Archives 

 de Biologie, 1S92, t. XII, p. 345. 



(6) Guido Werner : Zur Histologie der glatten Muskulatur ; Diss. Dorpat, 1894. 



(7) Boheman : Intcrccllularlùcken und Saftlûcken der glatten Musculature Anat. Anzeig., 1894, Bd.10. 



(8) A. Kolossow : Ueber die Struciur des Pleuroperitoneal- und Gefâssepithels (Endotheh); Archiv 

 f. mikr. Anat., 1893, Bd. 42, 3i8. 



(9! G. Muscatello : Virchow's Archiv, iSg5, Bd. 142, p. 327. 



(10) Paladino : Anat. Anzeig., Bd. 5, p. 254. 



(11) A. Nicolas : Internat. Monatsschrift f. Anal, und Physiol., Bd. VIII ; Comptes rendus de la 

 Soc de Biol., iSg5. 



(12) Ogneff : Einige Bemerkungen uber das Magenepithel , Biolog. Centralblatt, 1S92. 



(i3) Stùhr : Ueber das Darmcpithcl; Ergebnisse der Anat. u. Entwickelungsgeschichte ; 1892. 

 (14) M. Cloetta : Beitràge $ur mikroskopischen Anat. des Vogeldarms ; Archiv f. mikr. Anat., 

 1S93, Bd. 41. 



(i5) Th. Cohn : Ueber Intercellularlùcken und Kittsubstanj ; Wiebbaden, 1895. 



