268 E. W. CARLIER 



by the stomach of the cat, but similar préparations may be obtained from 

 the dog. 



In the other animais examined (rabbit, hedgehog, rat, mouse), the 

 bridges are not so fully developed though évident enough. In the frog and 

 salamander, as pointed out by Nicolas (i) and Cohn (2), and in the newt 

 and tortoise the bridges are also présent, but appear to be limited to the 

 part of the cell below the level of the nucleus. 



Surface epithelium of the rilli of the duodénum and small intestine. 



In the duodénum and small intestine of ail the animais examined the 

 cément net surrounds the striated hem only at its base, and has the same 

 characters as in the stomach. The inter-cellular lymph spaces begin imme- 

 diately below the cément net but are narrower than in the stomach, they 

 however wideri out somewhat near the attached ends of the cells. Hère, as 

 in the stomach, this lymph space is bridged across throughout its whole 

 extent by numerous fine inter-cellular bridges. 



I hâve been unable to'see in the intestine any bridges springing from 

 the chalice cells, the neighbouring columnar cells appearing to lie in close 

 apposition to them. 



As is well known the migration of leucocytes between the epithelial 

 cells is more fréquent in the intestine than in the stomach, the greater nar- 

 rowness of the lymph spaces not appearing to offer any serious cjbstacle to 

 their movement. 



The above description also applies to the epithelium lining the large 

 intestine and the glands of Lieberkuhn. 



We can therefore say that from mouth to rectum the epithelial cells 

 lining the alimentary canal, whether they be squamous or columnar, are 

 everywhere held together by bridges of cell substance. 



Whilst this paper was in the press, S. Garten (3j has published an im- 

 portant work on inter-cellular bridges, the greater part of which relates to 

 stratified squamous epithelium, only a small section at the end of the paper 

 being devoted to the columnar cells lining the stomach ; no mention what- 

 ever is made of those situated in the small and large intestine. 



It is gratifying to note that his observations on the stomach confirai 

 myown in ail essential particulars. 



(i) Loc.cit. 



(2) Loc.cit. 



(3) S. Garten : Die IntercelMarbr&cken der Epithelien und ihre Function; Arch. f Anat. und 

 Physiol. (Anat. Abth.), 1S95-96, p. 401. 



