43 95 



34. Dryopteris submarginalis (Langsd. et Fisch.) C. Chr. Ind. 296. 1905. 



Syn. Polypodiam submarginale Langsd. el Fisch. Ic. Fil. 12 tab. 13. 1810. 

 Aspidium caripense Mett. et auctt. 

 Nephrodium caripense Hk. Bak. Syn. 265 et auctt. 

 (For other synonyms see under the difTerent forms). 



Type from S. Brazil, Sta. Catharina. 



As here understood this is the most variable species of the subgenus. Some 

 of its forms are closely related to D. falciculaia var. paranaensis, others to D. cienitis; 

 certain South Brazilian forms resemble very much D. deflexa and an andine form 

 is not unlike D. refnlgens. All these forms are, however, connected by all possible 

 intermediates, and I have found it impossible to distinguish them specifically, 

 while they all differ, as a rule, from the related species by some few characters, 

 which are common even to the most different forms. The species is distributed 

 from Mexico to Peru and from N. Brazil to Uruguay, and I first succeeded in 

 recognizing the special characters of the ditlerent forms by sorting the more than 

 200 specimens examined by me after locality. Then it was found that almost all 

 specimens from each of these three regions 1) Brazil from Sao Paulo southwards 

 to Argentina and Uruguay, 2) Brazil from Sao Paulo northwards, and 3) Andes 

 from Mexico to Peru constantly show some peculiarities, especially in the structure 

 of the scales, by which they differ from specimens from another region but re- 

 sembling them in size, habit, colour and other characters. 



D. submarginalis may be distinguished from allied species by the following 

 characters : 



Stipe at base with a very dense mass of 3—4 cm long, thin, red-yellow scales. 

 Leaf light-green, firmly herbaceous, ciliate, lower pinnæ generally reflexed ; seg- 

 ments oblique, rarely falcate, entire or often faintly toothed, obtuse or mucronate. 

 Rachis and costæ beneath more or less scaly, the scales red-yellow or red-brown 

 with a long hair-like point, their margins toothed by short, mostly not curved 

 teeth, the cell-walls clear. Costæ beneath without hairs. Veins simple, 8 — 15, the 

 basal ones running out near the sinus. Sori medial or slightly supramedial, 

 reddish-yellow. Indusium small, reddish, glabrous, generally absent. — As a rule 

 the surfaces are glabrous; in some specimens scattered hairs can be found mainly 

 on the veins above, in others the under-surface is slightly glandular. 



In the following I shall try to explain the recognized forms. As the species 

 was founded on a Brazilian form I begin with this, although it is not the most 

 developed form of the species. 



A. Sou th- Eas tern forms 

 1. forma uera (Langsd. et Fisch, tab. 13). 



Syn. Dryopteris Sellowii Hieron. Hedwigia 46: 324 tab. 3 fig. 1. 1907! 

 Dryopteris soriloba Christ, in Fedde, Repertor. 6; 350. 1909! 

 ■'Dryopteris collina Christ., Bull. L'Herb. Boiss. II. 7: 922. 1907. 



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