234 182 



231. Dryopteris réfracta (Fisch, et Mey.) O. Ktze. Rev. 3: 813. 

 1891; C. Chr. Ind. 288 pt. 



Syn. Polypodiiim refractum Fisch, et Mey.; Kze. Linnaea 33: 283, 321. 1850. 

 Aspidium refractum A. Br. Ind. sem. hl. Berol. 1856. Mett. Aspid. nr. 238. 

 Nephrodium refractum Hk. sp. 4; 162 lab. 252. 1862; Bak. Syn. 292. 



Type. Founded on cultivated specimens. The species was commonly cul- 

 tivated in the botanical gardens in the middle of the last century, and I have seen 

 several authentical specimens from various herbaria. It is supposed to be a Bra- 

 zilian species, but I have seen no specimens from Brazil. Generally it is confounded 

 with D. riograndensis (Lindm.), which species is, however, widely different. Baker 

 (Syn. Fil. 292) supposed N. deflexum J. Sm., which is our D. paucijuga (Kl.), to be 

 the same, and I am inclined to believe that he was right in this. As a fact D. ré- 

 fracta is closely allied to D. paucijuga, still there are some differences between the 

 two species, which do not allow me to unite them. In D. réfracta the lower pair 

 af veins are as a rule truly anastomosing and the 2 — 3 following veins are conni- 

 venl to sinus. The peculiar shape of the base of the lower reflexed pinnæ is fairly 

 illustrated on Hooker's plate 252. Sporangia without setæ on the pedicel. 



232. Dryopteris gemmulifera Hieron. Hedwigia 46: 326 tab. 4 fig. 3. 1907. 

 Syn. Aspidium {resp. Nephrodium) tetragonum auctt. plur. quoad pi. andin. 

 Type from Venezuela: Tovar, leg. Moritz nr. 204 pro parte (B!). 

 Closely related to D. scabra and D. paucijuga, but very characteristic by its lamina 

 narrowing very gradually almost from the very base to apex. It is less cut than 

 D. scabra, more than D. paucijuga; generally the three lower veins run to sinus. 

 It is also larger: stipe 30 — 40 cm, lamina up to 60 cm. The rachis and costæ ex- 

 'cepted the leaf is entirely glabrous, even not ciliate; the hairs of the lachis and 

 costæ beneath are partly simple and longer, partly very short and .stellate. 



Colombia: Stübel nr. 306, 554, 625a, 642, 666 (B, for e.xact localities see Hiekonymus I.e.); Øhsted 

 (H) — Santa Marta, H. H. Smith nr. 9'J4 fC, Rg, \V|. 



233. Dryopteris usitata (Jenm.) C. Chr. Index 299. 1905. — Fig. 31 a. 



Syn. Nephrodium usitatum Jenman, Journ. Bot. 1879: 261. Bull. Dept. Jam. II. 

 3: 188. 1896; W. Ind. and Guiana Ferns 232. 



Type from Jamaica, leg. Jenman (non vidi). 



Scarcely different from D. venusta, and probably it is a form of it with nar- 

 rower pinnae. Its best distinguishing marks are: the long-acuminate apex of the 

 lamina and pinnæ, its herbaceous texture, its numerous (20 — 30 to each side) long 

 and narrow pinnæ, which are up to 20 cm long by IV2 — 2 cm broad, sessile, the 

 lower ones generally shorter, incised ' :. or more to the costæ into broad, blunt 

 oblique lobes, which are a little longer than broad. Both surfaces naked or very 



