ACTINOrODOÜS HOLOTHüRIOIDEA. 205 



The above table shows : (1) that the length of the body is 

 between 2.5 — 5 times the breadth, the seeming differences being 

 largely due to the degree of contraction of specimens ; (2) that 

 the number of the lateral pedicels does not increase with the size 

 of the individuals, although the larger the individuals the larger 

 seems to be the absolute size of these pedicels ; (3) that the 

 number of dorsal papillae increases with the size of the in- 

 dividuals ; that is, the older the individuals, the greater the num- 

 ber of dorsal papillae. Their absolute size does not however 

 increase as much as in the case of the lateral pedicels. The last 

 two points are as in Lcetmogone violacea, and such seems to be 

 the case with all similar species. 



The lateral pedicels are stated by Theel to be ap- 

 parently disposed in a double row all along each side of the 

 body. The ^vord " apparently " is very important ; for an examina- 

 tion of a large number of specimens convinces me that in life they 

 are in a single row, and that the double appearance is caused by 

 contraction iti preservation. Similarly, the papillöe of the dorsal 

 surface are stated by Theel to be disposed in three or four irreg- 

 ular close- set rows along each of the dorsal ambulacra. In all 

 the well-extended specimens I have examined, there are only two 

 rows along each of the dorsal ambulacra, one on the outer and 

 the other on the inner side of that ambulacrum. Each row has, 

 however, its papillœ arranged in a zigzag line so that it may be 

 described as alternately double. Wlien the animal is contracted 

 in killing, it is very easy for a row to appear double ; in such a 

 case there appear to be present three or four rows of papillaî on 

 eacli side. That they are, however, in life in two rows is proved 

 by the fact that even in the same animal they appear in three 

 or four rows when contracted, and in two rows when well- 



