ACTINOPODOUS HOLOTHÜEIOIDEA. 241 



ausgebildet sein kann. Selten ist er nur zu einem Knopf reducrit, 

 häufig eine einfache Spange oder ein längeres stumpf oder spitz 

 zulaufendes glattes Gitterwerk, oder endlich ein langer Stachel." 

 (v. Maeenzeller). 



Remarias :— This is perhaps the commonest dendrochirote 

 holothurian on the coast of Japan. At any rate, in places 

 around the Marine Laboratory at Misaki, e.g., at Eishamon and 

 Koajiro, tliis occurs at tiincs in such abundance that many 

 boats dredge for them day after day, and by evening each one is 

 loaded down with them. They are utilized as manure, and go by 

 the name of " Gumi." They occur anywhere from three to four 

 fathoms, down to twenty-five fathoms or more. In the fresh state, 

 they have a pinkish tinge, turning white in alcohol. When 

 preserved, the largest in my possession measure from 6x2 cm., 

 and thence down to minute sizes. The trivial ambulacra are some- 

 what nearer one another than the bivial ambulacra ; moreover, they 

 lie nearly in the same plane, so that the ventral surface is easily 

 distinguished from the dorsal surface by external examination. 

 Tentacles ten, two ventral ones markedly smaller than the rest. 



Calcareous ring : radiaha with two short blunt posterior pro- 

 longations with a bay between. Interradialia anteriorly abruptly 

 pointed, posteriorly hollowed into a deep bay. As in the original 

 description, stone-canal one, with a large madreporic kncb. 

 Pohan vesicle one, 8 mm. long. Longitudinal muscles split near 

 the middle of the body. Two slender respiratory trees present. 

 Pedicels two-rowed along each ambulacrum. Reproductive tubes 

 numerous, bushy, simple, short, and unbranched ; the longest about 

 L4 cm. 



Calcareous bodies :— In the body-wall knobbed buttons, one 

 end of which is prolonged into a long pointed process (textfig. 47«). 



