PLATE II. 



Map showing the general distribution of the geologic formations represented in 

 tlie Yingé-mèn area (p. 7), the land-feature being seen in PI. I., fig. 1. As to its 

 pétrographie elements the Koreo-Manchurian hinterland is, broadly speaking, built up 

 of the two opposite poles — the pinkish granites and the black basalt ; and this is 

 typically exemplified in this small limited area. 



The region is also of historical interest, as the Pohais, the Mancluis and other 

 ancient highlauders of eastern Manchuria took the road in the intermontane plain of 

 Shan-chéng-tzu (see Map) for their expeditions into the Manchurian plain with bold 

 intent of swollowing gigantic China. With this aim, these peoples marched along the 

 high road from Tsaoshitr (see Map) either westwards through the Tukoutzu-mcn gate 

 to Kai-yiian, or southwestwarcis through the Yinge-min gate to Mukden. At these 

 two gates the road was cut by the loug mound of the ancient palisade (see Map), now 

 ruiued, which was built to keep back the swarms of " northern barbarians." The 

 Russians did the very same thing, as the ancient highlanders did. They followed the 

 same track in the Piusso-Japanese war on their march from, and retreat to^ the' 

 secluded and safe cil y of Kirin. 



This region is geologically interesting as well ; for besides the 03currence of 

 iiepheline-basalt there is a narrow band of the Cambrian with Tertiary beds fulded in 

 what is apparently old granite-gueiss in the N.E.-S.W. direction. The Tertiary here 

 is the north end of the well-known coal seam series of Mushun. The above-mentioned 

 trend is the guide-line of the geologic structure that governs the whole Manchurian 

 hinterland. The diorite region marked on the south is probably a difierentiation- 

 product of an alkaline granitic magma. This region (the Hei-niu goldfield) is also 

 one of the richest auriferous areas in Manchuria. 



