Petroleum Resources and Industries 

 The San Joaquin Valley districts are connected 

 with tide-water at San Francisco Bay through lines 

 275 miles long; with Port Harford and Monterey by 

 lines 80 to 110 miles long; and with Los Angeles 

 Harbor by a line 158 miles long. The coast districts 

 are all adequately supplied with lines up to 50 miles 

 in length, connecting them with such ports as Port 

 Harford, Ventura, and Los Angeles Harbor. The 

 total carrying capacity of all the pipe lines in the 

 State is about 350,000 barrels daily, their total length 

 between 2,100 and 2,500 miles. 



Storage. — Under normal conditions oil must at 

 times be stored in fairly large quantities, and when 

 there is an overproduction, as has been the case in 

 California for the past several years, large quanti- 

 ties of the oil must be put by for future consump- 

 tion. The storage facilities in use include open 

 earthen reservoirs with capacities up to 1,000,000 

 barrels; covered, cement-lined reservoirs, and cov- 

 ered, reinforced-concrete reservoirs up to 750,000 

 barrels' capacity; and steel tanks of 37,500 and 

 55,000 barrels' capacity. The total storage capacity 

 in the State is approximately 60,000,000 barrels, 

 practically all of which is now filled. 



Refineries. — During the earlier stages of the 

 intensive development in the valley districts, little 

 high-grade refining oil was secured, and even up to 

 a year or so ago, gasoline was imported here from 

 the East Indies. In the last three or four years 

 fairly good refining oils of 21° to 30° Beaume grav- 

 ity (0.9271 to 0.8750 specific gravity) have been 

 discovered in large quantities within the State, 

 these, with the "tops" or lighter constituents from 

 the heavier oils and the gasoline from casing-head 

 gas, furnishing an adequate supply for the refin- 

 eries. 



The largest refinery on the Coast is that of the 

 Standard Oil Company at Point Richmond, on San 

 Francisco Bay. This has an estimated daily capac- 

 ity of 60,000 barrels. The same company also has 

 a 30,000-barrel refinery at El Segundo, near Los 

 Angeles. 



The Associated Oil Company has a refinery at 

 Avon, on San Francisco Bay, daily capacity 20,000 

 barrels; another at Gaviota, Santa Barbara County, 

 capacity 8,000 barrels daily; and a 5,000-barrel 

 plant operated by its subsidiary, the Amalgamated 

 Oil Company, near Los Angeles. 



The Union Oil Company has a complete refinery, 

 daily capacity 18,000 barrels, at Oleum, on San 

 Francisco Bay; a 12,000-barrel topping plant at Port 



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