Chemical Industries and Resources 

 and this does not include the cost of acquiring title 

 or for the railroad which has been built. The 

 products are obtained from the water of the lake 

 and the process was worked out and demonstrated 

 with an experimental plant having a capacity of 

 20,000 gallons per day. The working plant will 

 consist of four units, each treating 500,000 gallons 

 per day or with a total capacity of 2,000,000 gal- 

 lons. One of these has already been constructed 

 and the other three will be finished before the end 

 of 1915. Based on yields of the experimental plant 

 the yearly output of the entire plant when com- 

 pleted should be 90,000 tons of borax, 170,000 tons 

 of muriate of potash and 185,000 tons of soda ash. 



Sulphite Pulp. — The paper industry on this 

 Coast consumes a large amount of bisulphite pulp 

 and it has been estimated that 95,000 tons are being 

 annually produced. The paper mills are in Cali- 

 fornia, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia, 

 the location depending on an almost unlimited 

 water supply and proximity to a forest of conifers, 

 the hemlock being preferred. A bisulphite of lime 

 and magnesia is now being used for the liquor in 

 the digester cooks and ground magnesite as a paper 

 filler. The ground magnesite must be free from 

 spicules of silica as they cut the fine wire screens 

 on the paper machines. This industry, save for the 

 aniline dyes and perhaps these fine wire screens, 

 is entirely independent of all foreign supplies, ob- 

 taining all the raw materials from this Coast. 



Beet Sugar and Cane Sugar. — Before the new 

 tariff went into effect California was producing 

 from 100,000 tons to 120,000 tons of beet sugar 

 annually. This production might still be kept up 

 if the sugar factories would maintain the same 

 chemical control as in Europe and prosecute the 

 same intensive farming. In Europe from 15 to 16 

 tons of beets are grown per acre, while here the 

 factories are satisfied with 8 tons per acre. Of the 

 550,000 tons of cane sugar produced by the Ha- 

 waiian Islands some 300,000 tons are refined in 

 California. 



Fertilizers. — Sugar plantations of the islands 

 have always drawn on the fertilizer industry and 

 now the orange and lemon groves, asparagus and 

 other agricultural interests are making an ever in- 

 creasing demand. It is a little over ten years since 

 there has been a State fertilizer control. Manu- 

 facturers and dealers are compelled to furnish 

 guaranties showing actual composition of all goods 

 sold, and the consumer may verify the same by 

 having an analysis made at the Agricultural Ex- 



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