Scenic Excursions 

 cier Peak (elevation 10,436 feet), Mt. Olympus (ele- 

 vation 8250 feet), Mt. St. Helens (elevation 10,000 

 feet), and Mt. Adams (elevation 12,470 feet). 



Excursions in Vicinity of Portland. For the 

 student of history, a trip by street car or train 

 to Vancouver, on the Washington side of the Co- 

 lumbia River, will be of great interest. Fort Van- 

 couver was a refuge for the whites during the 

 Indian uprisings, the scene of important trade and 

 barter between white and red men during times 

 of peace, and the starting point for expeditions 

 which used the Columbia River as a highway. 



On the Oregon side, fourteen miles from Port- 

 land and reached either by trolley or river steamer, 

 is Oregon City, formerly a trading post of the 

 Hudson's Bay (Company, home and now the rest- 

 ing place of John McLoughlin, who, with Marcus 

 Whitman, exerted a great influence on the civiliza- 

 tion and development of the entire Columbia Valley. 



Astoria, founded in 1811, lies west of Portland 

 at the mouth of the Columbia River. Near Astoria 

 is the site of the camp of Lewis and Clark used 

 during the winter of 1805-6 and called by them 

 Fort Clatsop, and here are also ancient shell 

 mounds, or "kitchen middens," in which may be 

 found a variety of horn, bone and stone imple- 

 ments made by a people probably contemporaneous 

 with the mound builders of the Ohio Valley. 



Mt. Hood, elevation 11,225 feet, sixty miles 

 from Portland, is reached either by electric car 

 and stage, or by automobile direct from the city. 



The Columbia and Willamette rivers present 

 many interesting features: overhanging forests, 

 numerous waterfalls, the Tertiary lava flows seen 

 in the form of cliff's and pinnacles, the Cascades, 

 The Dalles, the ship canals, and the Celilo Falls, 

 named by Lewis and Clark the "Great Falls,*' which 

 are now spanned by a steel and concrete railway 

 bridge 4000 feet long. The Oregon Trunk Line 

 Railway, of which this bridge is a part, follows 

 the Deschutes River through cafions cut in lava 

 into central Oregon. From White Salmon, a sta- 

 tion on the Spokane, Portland & Seattle Railway, 

 a good road leads through the forest up to the 

 base of Mt. Adams. 



The part of the Columbia River below The Dalles 

 may be reached in several ways: by river steamer; 

 by train, over the Spokane, Portland & Seattle Rail- 

 way on the north bank of the river to Fallbridge, 

 or by the Oregon- Washington Railroad & Naviga- 

 tion Company on the south bank to The Dalles; 

 or bv a combination of a morning railway trip 



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