PARASITIC PROTOZOA IN KKLATION TO THE WAR. 



301 



pentine. thynio) and calotiiel, methylene blue, and iodine enemata 

 have been recommended. Proph3daxis is directed to the pre- 

 vention of contamination of food or water supplies by infected 

 material, by possible insect carriers and b^rodents. and to the 

 isolation of human parasite carriers. Allied forms, referred to 

 the genera Tcira- and Pcnta-tricliomonas, may also occur in 

 stools. 



Chilomasti.v {Tetmniitiis) nicsnili is pear-shaped and is 

 allied to Trichonioiias. but it i)ossesses a large cytostonie. or cell- 

 mouth, hence its former name of Macrostoma mcsnili. Three 

 anterior flagella are present, and a fourth one (perhaps attached 

 to an undulating membrane) vibrates in the cytostome (Fig. 5). 

 An axial rod or axostyle is absent. The parasite may measure 14// 

 by 7ja. Encystment occurs with the production of oval and lemon- 

 shaped cysts, "jix to lO/t long. (Figs. 6, 7). Tetramitus was found 

 in cases of diarrhoea among patients from .'Salonika. Gallipoli, and 



Fig. 



Eg}pt, especially from the hrst-named area. It has also been 

 found by Fantham and Porter in patients from German East 

 Africa. Pure infections have been seen, and mixed infections of 

 ChUomastix and Trichomonas have occurred in cases of persistent 

 diarrhoea. As regards treatment, iodine irrigations have been 

 tried, but ChUomastix is not easily eliminated. 



Giardia- (Laiiihlia) iiitcslinalis exhibits bilateral symmetry. 

 Eight flagella. arranged in four pairs, are present. The axostyle 

 may be double, and two karyosomatic nuclei occur. A concave 

 sucking disc or cytostome is found on the under surface of the 

 parasite, and serves to attach it to the epithelial cells of the duode- 

 num or other part of the small intestine. Two parabasal granules, 

 situated usually about the middle of the axostyle, are noticed 

 (Fig. 8). The organism is from lOfi to 2i,u long, and 5/u, to 

 12//, broad. Multiplication by binary longitudinal and by multiple 

 fission occurs. Resistant cvsts are produced. These contain four 



