:^lO SKSUTO KTVMOLOGY. 



lixisteiicc, as it were, to all confusion of tongues, will shew tlK)So 

 who can agree that any good thing can come from the study 

 of things African how valuahle a stimulant such study is likely 

 to he in view of the whole science. 



1 have gone on the principle that the tone of the stem 

 word runs through the derivatives. 1 am quite aware that there 

 are exceptions, hut they would take us too far to discuss at ])re- 

 sent. We shall, however, tlo well to suspect the affiliation, how- 

 ever likely seeming, when the tone differs, and this accouius for 

 a numher of the notes of interrogation with which 1 have he- 

 sprinkled the vocahulary. Ohserve that the up tone is the normal, 

 representing a straightforward idea; thus bOna, see! .Students 

 of Suto, at least, will fmd no real difficulty in following my 

 scheme of i)resentment, if they will rememher that our full p )int 

 stands for the stem i^'ord at the head of each para^rapli ; a 

 double full ])()int for the last-mentioned verhal derh"j1h-e. wlicn 

 there is any doiiht which is referred to. 



.Single and dotihle hyphens change the final a of tlie stem- 

 verh or last verhal deri\ati\e respective!}' into the flexion inniie- 

 dately following the h\])heri. 



This notation may puzzle for a few moments, hut i> easily 

 learned, and has the advantage of exhihiting ahout a -eventh of 

 the .Suto vocahles (with their meaning when not fairlv oh\iou> 

 fn_)m the etvmo!og\- indicated) \\:i") ii ihe S| .'ici' of \\\r-v ' v 

 pages. .Study of these will reveal not only the extraordinary 

 logical ciiaracter of these Bantu tongues, liul a wealth of (|ual'ni 

 ajjtness of expression in the derivatives. For example, take the 

 variations of bOpa, bea, bata. etsa, fahhi, or ala (cp. noale for 

 circumcision girl with the Xorthern use otf alofja and the (/alo 

 dances in Bondei). .Again, liow neatly beolu. to shave, connects 

 with bea. to place, of which il is the iiri'ersitire form — to ])til 

 your hair away! And how natural (alas!) is the coime.-tion 

 between ho I'etlia. to cudgel, heat, and lebe'tlie, strong drink. iUit 

 this a])])ears to he only in North .Sesuto : in I'asutoland (shall we 

 say?) there is no such connection whatevei'. 



X.B.— As D does not occur in true Suto. and C is not used, 



excei)t in the compound sound re])resented hy Mahille 



hy cli (of which I |)ostpone the treatment), the alphahet 



pa.sses, as will he noted, from B (double-Vipped) to R. 



X. Xosa. Z, Zulu. Chw, Secoana. 



I), Found in \lahille's Suto-English Dictionary, revised hy 1 L. 



Dieterlen (not in E). 

 E, Found in Endemann's " Worterbuch der Sotho-spraclu- " 



(not in D). 

 . means — repeat the stem-verb; - modify final vowel as given; 

 ..repeat last derivative verb; --modifies its final vowel. 

 The 1110, bo, ho, le, se jirefixes are represented by their initials; 



so also the no form of the first prefix. The chief iiotm 



endings are in -i (active) and -o (passive). Derivative 



nouns are bracketed. A\ and other vowels when repeated 



are omitted from the veH>al derivative endings. Thus from 



