ENTOM()L()c;iCAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 347 



mology, and it is his duty to prepare and present a paper em- 

 bodyino; his readings before the whole class and the faculty mem- 

 bers. An excellent opportunity is thus afforded in preparation 

 and presentation, because criticisms and questions are always 

 part of the programme. 



While in the main the above outline wovdd indicate the 

 general plan for the student, it must by no means be construed 

 as the only plan, for each university has its own particular 

 method, and in some the methods of giving and allotting courses 

 would differ. Where facilities are offered, additional courses 

 may be obtained in diseases of insects, ac|uatic entomology, etc. 



During the long summer recess many students of entomology 

 spend their vacations in the employ of the United States 

 Bureau of Entomology or the State experiment stations. Here 

 ample opportunity for field work and experience are obtained, 

 and it is indeed surprising to see the difference which a sum- 

 mer's work will have in a student's outlook on his subject. As 

 it is to the United States Bureau of Entomology and the State 

 experiment stations that the majority of student entomologists 

 look for future em])loyment, it is only natural that a few sum- 

 mers spent in the work are of inestimable value. 



Again, the summer vacation may be spent in supplementary 

 study either at the Summer School of the University or at one 

 of the field laboratories, on the great lakes, or at the coast. The 

 Avriter recalls with great pleasure a summer spent at the Lake 

 Laboratory on the shore of Lake Erie. 



In the majority of the universities of the first group the 

 courses outlined are generally similar. Especial attention is 

 everywhere given to training in laboratory work and technique. 

 One lecture a week would be supplemented with at least two or 

 three hours in the laboratory. During his last year a student, 

 if he shows fhe ability, may 'be appointed a student-assistant in 

 the laboratory in which he would be required to aid in laborator>- 

 demonstrations under the direction of the instructor. Thus, 

 when he receives his degree, the student will have had a broad, 

 lil)eral training, which should fit him for work almost imme- 

 diately. 



Examinations are held at the end of each semester (roughly, 

 four and a half months), of which there are two a year, and on 

 the sum of the four years' standing, the student receives his 

 degree. As the degree given is that of Bachelor of Science in 

 Agriculture, the diploma will state the subject specialised in. 

 On the other hand, a student reading for the B.A. may similarly 

 specialize. 



Advanced or graduate work in all the universities is ad- 

 ministered under the Graduate School, and the work leads to 

 the degrees of M.A., M.S., and Ph.D. It is, however, absolutely 

 necessary that a student 'have ample preliminary training in his 

 subject before entering on graduate study, and failing this he 

 may be required to supplement his regular work with additional 

 courses. For the desrree of ALA. one vear whollv devoted to 



