STENOGKAPllV AND AFRICAN LANGUAGES. 423 



Katir; nor are the Kaffir sliarps distinguished from the Suto, 

 as strictly they should be (as also the two kinds o!f B). 



Cerebral letters are not distinguished from the dental, l)Ut 

 D is used for the cerebral L in Suto. which is now usually pro- 

 nounced D. 



It is obvious that a practical shorthand method for hurried 

 use must dispense with the finer distinctions required in a com- 

 plete phonetic alphabet. The most that can be ref|uired from 

 it is that it shall be along |)honetic lines. That my system is 

 so is clear from the figures. That it is workable 1 have found 

 101 practice. 



There is little to be added. Though . is lu/ in sing, yet when 

 followed by k or g, it takes the ordinary half-;/ hook, as given: 

 otherwise it would hardly be visible. It is the same in English, 

 as well as Bantu, longhand ; we write ink, not iiigk. This nasal . 

 is attached to the conscyuants of the adjacent syllables, and is 

 thus distinguished from .(A), which always stands alone. The 

 z'oivets, imless initial, are usually omitted, as in Pitman and 

 Arabic, etc. ; but dipthongs should be inserted. 



When adjacent consonants cross, a syllabic H is understcx)d 

 between them (as fclielo, against fala in Suto). The small 

 cross for H is thickened for stronger 'fricative gutturals like the 

 Dutch g = Xosa r Zulu h/i. 



Fig. 2 gives examples, illustrating graphically the philo- 

 logical closeness of remote Bantu dialects. I add the Dutch, as 

 well as the English, in some cases, to show how much closer are 

 remote Bantu than 'neiglvlxmr Low-Dutch languages. The 

 Bantu illustrations run thus: — 



U nao khuku ngapi ? 

 U nenkuku ezingapi na? 

 U na le khoho tse kae na? 

 You have fowls, how many? 

 (Hoe veel hoenders bet jij?) 



4. Nipe mimi, usiwape wale. 



5. Ndipe mna, ungabapi aba. 



6. Mpe una, usebafe bale. 



Give to me, don't give to them. 

 (Geef ver me, geef nie ver hullie nie.) 



7. Ke tla ba ruta. 



8. Ni ta wa fundisha. 



9. Ngi zo ba fundisa. 

 I will them teach. 



