482 r.INET-SIMON TESTS ON ZULUS. 



more advanced countries, and mainly in towns. This must be 

 reckoned with in all work in which they are used. The pro- 

 blems of making change, or rhyming, and the like, are very 

 good cases in point. 



I would end with an appea^ to extend this sort of work. 

 We lack utterly any criteria as to what is normal ])rogress among 

 natives, and as to the particular directions in which their mental 

 aptitudes lie. With an extensive series of mental tests on natives 

 at hand it will be possible to devize what has hitherto been im- 

 possible : a system of education that will fit the natives. 



{Read. July 3, 1917.) 



THE GRASSES OF THE EASTERN COAST BELT 

 AVAILABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF 



PAPER. 



By Charles Frederick Juritz, M.A., D.Sc, F.LC. 



(Printed in "South African Journal of Industries/' 

 January and February, 1918.) 



THE ALLEGED ARREST OF MENTAL DEVELOP- 

 MENT IN THE NATIVE. 



By Charles Templeman Loram, M.A., LL.B.. Ph.D. 



(Printed in "The Education of the South African Native": 



Longmans, London.) 



Ancient Panama Canals. — The faunal relations of 

 the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans have at various times received 

 the attention of many eminent zoologists and palaeontologists. In 

 the course of a series of papers conmumicated by R. E. Dicker- 

 son to the California Academy of Sciences, the author said that 

 recent discoveries and investigations in the miocene, oligocene, 

 and eocene of the Pacific coast had led him to review this sub- 

 ject again. He states some of his conclusions thus : The Panama 

 Portal was closed during cretaceous time, and this gateway was 

 not opened until upper eocene time. During a period of wide- 

 spread uplift in oligocene time the .\ntilles were probably con- 

 nected with Southern Florida, and possibly Central America. 

 Following this emergent stage, a wide submergence occurred dur- 

 ing miocene time. At this period North and South America were 

 disconnected, and v/ide straits in Central America were formed. 

 Since the miocene, the Panama portal has remained closed until 

 the narrow barrier was trenched by the Panama Canal. 



