12 CARNKGIE institution of WASHINGTON. 



for, although their recommendations contemplated aggregate annual expendi- 

 tures far in excess of available income, their deliberations helped in a signal 

 manner to fix attention on practicable projects and on conditions essential to 

 effective research. In the meantime, also, the actual expenditures under this 

 income rose rapidly from (using round numbers) $32,000 in 1902 to $512,000 

 in 1904, reaching an amount of $702,000 in 1907, a maximum of $769,000 in 

 1909, and a total of $4,791,000 by the end of the year 1910. It is an inter- 

 esting circumstance, likewise, worthy of special study at some later date, that 

 along with this rapid growth of the work proper to the Institution there arose 

 equally rapidly a wave of excessive popular expectations as to the possibili- 

 ties of the new establishment, and especially as to the extent and the capacity 

 of its income. No vagaries of fiction could surpass the realities of the un- 

 realizable ideals and of the dreams of avarice developed in this wave, which 

 culminated in 1905-6, and is only now slowly subsiding. 



Three principal agencies to forward the objects of the Institution were 

 developed early in the decade in question. The first of these involved the 

 formation of departments of research, within the Institution itself, to attack 

 larger problems requiring collaboration of several investigators, special equip- 

 ment, and continuous effort. The second provides means whereby individuals 

 may undertake and carry to completion investigations not less important but 

 requiring less collaboration and less special equipment. The third agency — 

 namely, a division devoted to the editing and printing of books — aims to pro- 

 vide adequate publication of the results of research coming from the first 

 two agencies, and to a limited extent, also, for worthy works not likely to be 

 published under other auspices. Ten of the larger departments of research 

 referred to have been thus far established. These, in the order of their au- 

 thorization as shown by the dates assigned, are the following: 



Department of Experimental Evolution December, 1903 



Department of Marine Biology December, 1903 



Department of Historical Research December, 1903 



Department of Economics and Sociology January, 1904 



Department of Terrestrial Magnetism April, 1904 



Solar Observatory December, 1904 



Geophysical Laboratory December, 1905 



Department of Botanical Research December, 1905 



Nutrition Laboratory December, 1906 



Department of Meridian Astrometry March, 1907 



Along with these larger divisions of the research work proper, there may 

 be not improperly classed, for the present purposes of historical summary, 

 the divisions of administration and publication, for they also have made many 

 researches in order to meet the requirements of their complex relations with 

 the departments, with Research Associates, with collaborators, and with a 

 host of correspondents. Originally evolved as part of the work of admin- 

 istration, the editorial and publication work grew to such necessary pro- 

 portions that it was given a separate existence, under the title "Division of 

 Publication," in July, 1909. 



Of the work carried on by these departments and divisions and by the 

 numerous Research Associates and collaborators, only a few statistical items 



