24 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



distance covered by the chartered ship Galilee, in the Pacific Ocean 

 during 1905-1908 is 60,000 miles. Thus the total distance trav- 

 ersed up to date in the magnetic survey of the oceans is 160,000 

 miles, or about six times the circumference of the earth. Accurate 

 magnetic data have been obtained thereby in all of the oceans be- 

 tween the parallels of 50° north and 50° south latitude, or near the 

 courses usually followed by vessels. By reason of the expedition 

 attained in deriving from these surveys the results of chief interest 

 to mariners, it has been practicable for chart-publishing establish- 

 ments to make prompt revision of defective sailing charts or to issue 

 corrections thereto; and a distinct improvement in these aids to 

 navigation is already noticeable in the charts issued by the leading 

 maritime nations. The more complete results of these ocean surveys 

 are also in a forward state of preparation and it is expected that a 

 full account of the work accomplished by the Galilee and the Carnegie 

 will be ready for publication a year hence. In the near future it is 

 considered that the Carnegie should make surveys in areas not yet 

 covered and along some stretches already traversed where cloudy or 

 stormy conditions have prevented the securing of adequate obser- 

 vations. She will at the same time cross her previous tracks as 

 often as practicable in order to determine for such intersections the 

 information now most needed by chart-makers, namely, the annual 

 changes in the magnetic elements. 



Magnetic surveys of land areas are also proceeding at a favorable 

 rate. An expedition under Mr. D. W. Berky, assisted by Mr. H. E. 

 Sawyer, has traversed the Sahara Desert, starting from Algiers near 

 the end of October, 1912, and arriving at Timbuktoo May 12, 1913; 

 and these observers are now extending their work into the territory 

 of west and central Africa bordering on the Atlantic. Dr. H. M. W. 

 Edmonds has led an expedition into Canada, west of Hudson Bay, 

 into the region of one of the foci of maximum intensity of the earth's 

 magnetic field. Mr. A. D. Power has made noteworthy progress in a 

 survey of northeastern South America, including a trip along the 

 Orinoco River and the Rio Negro from the mouth of the Orinoco to 

 Manaos on the Amazon. Mr. H. F. Johnston is engaged in a series 

 of determinations along a line running northward from Montevideo 

 towards Manaos. Similarly, the magnetic survey of Australia and 

 the adjacent islands is making efficient progress under the immediate 

 charge of Mr. E. Kidson. Under his guidance Mr. E. N. Webb was 

 trained for and supplied with instruments for the valuable magnetic 

 work accomplished by the Mawson Antarctic expedition. 



