ARCHEOLOGY. 



Frothingham, A. L., Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. Grant 

 No. 792, allotted January 18, 1912. Pre-paration of memoir on memo- 

 rial and triumphal arches in Rome and throughout the Roman Empire, 

 comprising study of Arch of Constantine, the arches of Verona and 

 Rimini, the triumphal arch at Aquinum, and the colony arch at 

 Privernum. $750 



The scope of Professor Frothingham' s work was the continuation 

 of his study of Roman triumphal arches and monumental city gates 

 in Italy. Among unexpected results were : 



(1) The identification of a hidden double gateway at Rimini as the 

 main city gate of the original Roman frontier colony of Ariminum, 

 founded in 268 b. c, and therefore the earliest known Roman city 

 gate. 



(2) The discovery of extensive remains of the Forum and Capi- 

 toline temple of Verona, a discovery which will revolutionize the 

 topography of this important Roman city, because their location 

 even had not hitherto been suspected, vv^hereas now a partial recon- 

 struction of their scheme will be possible. 



(3) The fact that the hidden inner f agade of the city gate of Verona, 

 called Arco dei Leoni, instead of being a work of the late Empire, is 

 a rare piece of late Hellenistic architecture of pre- Augustan or early 

 Augustan date. 



The most detailed investigation was that of the Arch of Constan- 

 tine in Rome in connection with Professor Frothingham's contention 

 that it was not built by Constantine, but had existed for more than 

 two centuries before his time, having been built by the Emperor 

 Domitian. When Domitian was assassinated and his memory damned 

 by the Senate, many of his monuments were destroyed or mutilated, 

 and it was then that this arch was dismantled, to be restored more 

 than once and used as a generic triumphal arch during the third 

 century, until it was finally rededicated to Constantine. In the 

 course of these transformations, sculptures were inserted into the 

 body of the arch or carved on it. Through the kindness of the 

 Italian Ministry of Fine Arts scaffolds were built which made it 

 possible for Professor Frothingham to examine minutely, in a way 

 never done before, every stone and sculpture of the arch from top to 

 bottom, to make all the casts, photographs, measurements, and archi- 

 tectural drawings necessary for a complete illustration of the arch 

 and the elucidation of its problems. Preliminar}' reports were pre- 

 sented to the International Archeological Congress in October 1912, 

 but the work was not completed until May. The results are in course 

 of publication in the American Journal of Archaeology, and these 

 articles will be followed by a fuller monograph. 



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