336 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



CHEMISTRY. 



Acree, S. F., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Continuation of 

 the study of catalysis and tautomerism. (For previous reports see Year 

 Books Nos. 4-12.) 



Our researches during the last nine years have proven conclusively 

 that both the ions and the non-ionized forms of acids, bases, and 

 salts are chemically active, and this theory has now been adopted and 

 used by a large number of workers in physical-organic chemistry. 

 Seventeen articles on this subject have appeared and a monograph is 

 nearly completed. Thirty articles are ready for publication and ten 

 preliminary notices have been prepared. During the past year our 

 investigations have been aided by Dr. C. N. Myers, Dr. W. A. Taylor, 

 Dr. H. A. Lubs, Dr. W. F. Clarke, and Messrs. W. A. Gruse, R. N. 

 Mulliken, M. B. Hopkins, L. S. Pratt, E. C. White, E. H. Wight, F. C. 

 Lee, D. F. Smith, L. G. Wesson, and F. J. LaMotte. The following 

 articles have been sent for publication : 



Catalysis. Part xviii. The Reactions of Both the Ions and the Molecules of Acids, Bases, 

 and Salts. The Reactions of Alkyl Haloids with Phenoxides and Ethoxides. By 

 J. H. Shrader and S. F. Acree. 



In this article is presented the reinterpretation of the work of Segaller on 

 the action of ri-propyl iodide on sodium phenolate at 42.5° and of Hccht, 

 Conrad, and Bruckner on the action of methyl iodide on sodium ethylate at 24°. 

 These workers did not use the ionization theory, but interpreted their work by 

 the empirical equation K'^ — K^f^alog (V'/V), which we have been able to 

 show harmonizes well with our rational equation KAr = Kia+K^ {I — a). 



On the Reactions of Both the Ions and the Molecules of Acids, Bases, and Salts. On the 

 Conductivity and Ionization of Sodium Ethylate, Potassium Ethylate, Lithium 

 Ethylate, Sodium Phenolate, Potassium Phenolate, Lithium Phenolate, Sodium 

 Phenylthiourazole, Sodium Iodide, Sodium Bromide, and Mixtures of these 

 Electrolytes in Absolute Ethyl Alcohol at 0°, 25°, and 35°. By H. C. Robertson, 

 Jr., and S. F. Acree. Nineteenth Communication on Catalysis. 



This article gives the conductivity and ionization of each salt and of their 

 mixtures and a full description of the cells and other apparatus used. There 

 is a full discussion of the isohydric principle, of viscosity, and of the corrections 

 which must ultimately be made on the conductivities in order to obtain the true 

 ionizations in the concentrated solutions. The ionization values given iri this 

 article form the basis of all the calculations made in the succeeding articles. 



On the Reactions of Both the Ions and the Molecules of Acids, Bases, and Salts. The 

 Reaction of Sodium Ethylate with Ethyl Bromide and Ethyl Iodide in Absolute 

 Ethyl Alcohol at 25°. By E. K. Marshall, Jr., and S. F. Acree. Twentieth 

 Communication on Catalysis. 



In this article are given the complete experimental data and it is shown that 

 the evidence can be interpreted on the idea that both the ethylate ion and 

 the non-ionized sodium ethylate react with the ethyl bromide with, the veloci- 

 ties Ki = 0.00576 and Km = 0.00233 and with ethyl iodide with the velocities 

 Ki = 0.0120 and Km = 0.00427. 



On Reactions of Both the Ions and Molecules of Acids, Bases, and Salts. The Reactions 

 of Sodium Ethylate with Methyl Iodide in Absolute Ethyl Alcohol at 25°. By 

 H. C. Robertson, Jr., and S. F. Acree. Twenty-first Communication on Catalysis. 



In this article are given all the reaction velocities and the conductivities and 

 it is shown that both the ethylate ion and the non-ionized sodium ethylate 

 react with the methyl iodide with the velocities Ki = 0.127 and Km = 0.0596. 



