ARCHEOLOGY. 347 



Van Deman, Esther B., Rome, Italy. Research Associate in Roman Arche- 

 ology. (For previous reports see Year Books Nos. 9-13.) 



The summer and autunm months of 1914 were spent in Rome in the 

 regular work of collecting and classifying the material for the general 

 treatise on the development of Roman concrete construction, to which 

 reference has been made in former reports. The remains of the monu- 

 ments discovered in the older excavations, notably those of the early 

 periods, the material of which is of an especially friable character, have 

 suffered greatly from their long exposure to the weather. A careful 

 review of the various reports concerning their condition at the time 

 of their excavation was therefore necessary, to discover, if possible, any 

 new data as to their original construction. In the compilation of the 

 lists of the dated monuments of the later periods, also, it has been 

 found necessary to make an exhaustive study of the older reports in 

 which these buildings appear, as well as of the numerous reproductions 

 of them in old prints and photographs, since many of the remains seen 

 at an earlier time have now wholly disappeared. The original scope 

 of the work, moreover, has been somewhat enlarged by including in the 

 various Usts those monuments of certain date in the vicinity of Rome 

 which were immediately dependent upon the city for their methods 

 of construction. Of these monuments, the most important are those 

 of the ancient ports of Rome at Porto, Ostia, and Anzio, with the 

 imperial villas scattered throughout the Campagna. 



The winter was spent in America in the preparation and delivery, 

 before various colleges, universities, and learned organizations, of a 

 number of lectures concerning the work done in the past three years 

 and its more important results in the fields of Roman archeology and 

 topography. Among the institutions before which lectures were 

 delivered are Barnard, Goucher, Holyoke, Oberlin, Vassar, and Wells 

 Colleges, and the Universities of Chicago, Johns Hopkins, Missouri, 

 Toronto, and the Western Reserve. A course of lectures, also, on the 

 development of the Roman Forum, as shown by the materials and 

 methods of construction used in the existing remains of its monuments, 

 was given at the University of Pennsylvania. 



On account of the uncertainty concerning the conditions for work in 

 Italy in April, an immediate return to the field was deemed inadvisable. 

 The spring and early summer were, therefore, spent in Washington, 

 where those portions of the work on the development of concrete con- 

 struction for which the materials were accessible were prepared for 

 the press. During the months spent in Washington the work was 

 carried on in the Administration Building of the Institution. 



The pleasant relations established during the past years in Rome 

 with the workers of other nationaUties along the various lines of archeo- 

 logical research have continued to be very helpful as well as stimu- 

 lating. In collaboration with the heads of several of the foreign schools 



