PSYCHOLOGY. 409 



apparent by another, and by one reagent differently from another. 

 Thus, if the rapidity of gelatinization as determined by one reagent be 

 exhibited in equal degree by the starches of the parents and hybrid, by 

 another reagent it may be found that all three starches differ, and by 

 another reagent all three will differ, but the order of differences may be 

 reversed, and so on. In other words, the results recorded by the use 

 of one reagent can not be taken as an index of what will be obtained 

 by another. However, the property-values thus determined can be 

 reduced to figures, and charts can be constructed which show that the 

 sum total of these values is in case of each starch quite as distinctive 

 of the genus, species, variety, or hybrid as are botanical characters. 



Individualities of one or the other of the parental starches may or 

 may not be observed in the starch of the offspring, and if present they 

 may or may not appear in modified form. Moreover, the starch of the 

 offspring may exhibit peculiarities that are not seen in either of the 

 parental starches, and when two or more sets of hybrids have resulted 

 from separate crosses of the same parental stock, each lot of hybrids 

 may not only exhibit in common distinctive variations from parental 

 characters but also independent individualities, and, as a corollary, 

 differ from each other in well-defined respects. Hence, not only may a 

 given hybrid be definitely attached to definite parentage, but also the 

 hybrids of separate crosses may be recognized as such. 



The studies of the starches of parent-stock and hybrids have been 

 supplemented by corresponding and somewhat laborious histological 

 examinations of plant tissues associated with some macroscopical 

 inquiry. The results of this supplementary research are in striking 

 accord with those of the starch investigations, and both are in entire 

 harmony with universally recognized principles of the plant and animal 

 breeder and with the dictum underlying these researches — "vital 

 peculiarities may be resolved to a physico-chemical basis." 



PSYCHOLOGY. 



Franz, Shepherd Ivory, Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, 

 District of Columbia. Investigation of the functions of the cerebrum. 

 (For previous reports see Year Books Nos. 4-10, 12.) 



Work on the distribution of the motor areas for the limbs, as deter- 

 mined by physiological stimulation methods, was completed and part 

 of the results has been published. The results show a great variation in 

 distribution of the motor cerebral areas in different brains and an almost 

 equally great variation in the areal distribution of the motor areas for 

 the anterior and the posterior limbs in the two hemispheres of the same 

 brain. These variations exist, it was found, not only for the totals of 

 the areas dealt with, but also for the areas concerned with individual 

 segments, or with types of movements. In combination with other 

 facts from clinical and experimental investigations the results lead to 

 an hypothesis of the mode of cerebral functioning which helps to recon- 

 cile many hitherto supposedly antagonistic phenomena. 



