128 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



fat and phosphorus content of the blood of fowls, {American Journal 

 of Physiology, vol. 41, 430-437). They show that in adult male fowl, 

 non-laying females, and females laying eggs the relative amounts of 

 phosphorus are as 100:115:205, and the alcohol-soluble fractions (fat) 

 are as 100:116:181, respectively. 



"When one begins from the point of vantage of the demonstrated initial 

 difference in storage metabolism (particularly of fat and lecithin) of male- and 

 female-producing ova of the pigeon, it is clear that every new and subsidiary 

 hypothesis are unnecessary for the general understanding of manj^ hitherto 

 puzzling sex phenomena. A higher fat-content of the blood of woman, female 

 crab, and hen than of man, male crab, and cock is [my view] the expected 

 result of a mere continuance or persistence of the observed relative powers 

 of the eggs." 



SEX INTERGRADES IN CRUSTACEA. 



Dr. Banta has found that in the midst of a parthenogenetic series of 

 Dap/mia-like forms — a species of Simocephalus — there occurred a 

 female which produced some normal males and also some of mixed or 

 intergrading sex. The animals are transparent, so that the constitu- 

 ents of their sex-glands may be seen; in addition 8 secondary sex- 

 characters are recognized. As for the 2 sex-glands, they may be of 

 the same or of opposite sex. Even one and the same gland may pro- 

 duce sperm at one time, eggs at another, or spenn and eggs simul- 

 taneously. As for the 8 differentiating secondary sex-characters, 

 they may be all such as belong to one sex, or 1, 2, 3, or 4 may belong 

 to one sex and the remainder to the other. Most of the possible 

 combinations of primary and secondary sex-characters are reahzed in 

 the sex-intergrades studied; e. g., female intergrade, normal except for 

 one male secondary character; female intergrade, with several or all of 

 its secondary sex-characters those of a male; hermaphrodites with vari- 

 ous combinations of secondary sex-characters; male intergrades with 

 several, though never as many as 8, female secondary sex-characters; 

 male intergrades with a single female secondary sex character. 



"The percentages of the various sexual types produced by different mothers 

 varies greatly. In general there is some relation between the secondary sex- 

 characters of the female intergrade and the sex array and the proportions of 

 each type in her offspring. Female intergrades with few male characters tend, 

 in general, to produce fewer males and male intergrades than female intergrades 

 with several male characters. Some of the female intergrades with a large 

 number of male secondary characters are almost sterile. Many others, includ- 

 ing nearly all those with as many as 6 or 7 male secondary characters, are 

 entirely sterile. None with 8 male secondary characters have been known to 

 produce young. The sterile female intergrades produce eggs, but the eggs fail 

 to complete their development in the brood-pouch, or, as in the most extreme 

 female intergrades, the ovarian development of the eggs is not completed and 

 the eggs disintegrate within the ovary. 



"The testes in the male intergrades frequently do not contain large amounts 

 of sperm. In such individuals the sperm-ducts are frequently lacking and the 



