DEPARTMENT OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM. 301 



tossed about like a chip, and mountainous seas were threatening to break 

 through the observing domes. Magnetic declinations were observed on all 

 but one day, during the cruise of four months — a remarkable record, con- 

 sidering the prevailing conditions of fog, mist, rain, and snow. This record 

 was made possible only by the constant watchfulness of the entire party and 

 by taking advantage of every opportunity. Considerable time was spent 

 in 'standing by,' waiting for a break in the clouds or fog. Frequently only 

 a small opening in the clouds would be seen approaching the Sun ; then the 

 vessel would be directed to the proper heading and all observers would be 

 called to their stations ready to begin observations the moment the Sun 

 appeared. Often the Sun was not seen again during the day. 



"I can not speak too highly of the work done by each and every member of 

 the party, as to spirit of cooperation and unfaltering zeal in the face of most 

 trying conditions. 



"Gales occurred of force 7 or higher, Beaufort scale, on 52 out of 120 days. 

 On 26 days the gales were veiy strong, having an estimated force of 9 to 11. 

 We were overtaken by a continual procession of circular storms, moving 

 about the south polar continent from west to east, and were invariably caught 

 in the northern semicircle, as indicated by the barometer changes. A falling 

 barometer always presaged northerly winds shifting to the northwest and 

 blowing hard. As the barometer began to rise, the wind shifted to southwest, 

 blowing a strong gale when the barometer rose rapidly. The temperature of 

 the sea-water was taken every hour during the entire cruise excepting the 

 first few days. The air-temperature averaged about 5° C. We had precipita- 

 tion of some sort, mist, hght rain, fog, rain, hail, or snow, on 100 days out of 

 the 120 days of the voyage. Fog was recorded on 20 days, and snow 16 days. 



"We were in the region where icebergs uiay be encountered for a period of 

 3^ months, yet saw them on only 24 days, and to the number of only 133, the 

 largest being 5 miles long, and highest being 400 feet high. 



"Upon the return to Port Lyttelton (April 1, 1916), there still remained 

 2 tanks of fresh water on board and potatoes and onions sufficient for 3 more 

 weeks. 



"The vessel sustained no serious damage during the trip. The metal 

 fastening of the upper topsail yard broke on Januaiy 4, but the yard was 

 successfully lashed to the parral and gave us no further trouble. The bronze 

 rod bob-stay carried away at the forward end on February 24. It was 

 fished up after some difficulty and secured with a deadeye and lanyard. 

 Upon examination in the drj^ dock, the vessel's hull was found absolutely clean 

 and undamaged, only one sheet of copper near the keel requiring renewal." 



After a stay at Lyttelton of nearly 7 weeks, during which the shore 

 observations and instrumental comparisons were repeated at the 

 Christchurch Magnetic Observatory and the vessel was overhauled 

 and outfitted, the Carnegie left this port on May 17, 1916, bound for 

 Pago Pago, Samoa. Light head-winds and calms were encountered, 

 so the engine was started to gain an offing, running all night. For 5 

 days the wind held northeast, forcing the vessel well toward the 

 Chatham Islands. J\Iay 22 was repeated where the one hundred and 

 eightieth meridian was crossed. On May 23 favorable winds were 

 encountered for the first time, and for 3 days fair winds were enjoyed. 

 Then northerly winds and calms made it necessary for the course to be 

 taken westward near the Kennadec Islands. On June 1 the wind was 

 again favorable, but thereafter, until arrival at Pago Pago, it was 



