284 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



cytes by endothelial cells of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Although deficiency 

 of oxygen may affect the hematopoietic system, the animals subjected to high 

 oxygen percentages failed to show demonstrable pathologic changes in blood, 

 spleen, lymph nodes, or bone marrow, except for the presence of congestion. 



(6) A study of acidosis in three normal subjects, with incidental observations on the action 



of alcohol as an antiketogenic agent. H. L. Higgins, F. W. Peabody, and R. 

 Fitz. Joum. Med. Research, 34, 263 (1916). 



In three healthy subjects a carbohydrate-free diet caused the development 

 of varying degrees of acidosis. The acidosis was shown by a lowered CO2 

 tension of the alveolar air, by an increased urinary excretion of ammonia 

 nitrogen and of acetone bodies, and by the increased titratable acidity of the 

 urine. The acidosis was accompanied by subjective sensations of malaise, 

 an increased oxygen consumption, a negative nitrogen balance, increased 

 pulse-rate and increased ventilation. Alcohol given to the subjects on this 

 diet in dosage comparable to that used for clinical purposes did not stop the 

 progress of the acidosis or show any antiketogenic action. Coincidental with 

 its administration there was further increase in the oxygen consumption and 

 in the disagreeable subjective sjanptoms. 



(7) The alcohol projiram of the Nutrition Laboratory, with special reference to psychological 



effects of moderate doses of alcohol on man. Francis G. Benedict. Science, 43, 

 907 (1916). 



The preparation of a program outlining the more fundamental problems 

 for study in an investigation of the physiological and psychological effects of 

 moderate doses of alcohol on man led to an extensive correspondence and 

 personal discussion with regard to the plan in general. The plan is outlined 

 in this address, and special reference is given to a presentation of some of the 

 more fundamental conclusions drawn from the monograph of Dodge and 

 Benedict (Publication No. 232, Carnegie Institution of Washington (1915). 



(8) Respiiatory exchange, with a description of a respiration apparatus for clinical use. 



Francis G. Benedict and Edna H. Tompkins. Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 

 174, pp. 857, 898, 939 (1916). 



The interest of the medical profession in respiratory exchange led to the 

 preparation of this discussion of the theory of the respiratory exchange and 

 its significance in pathology, together with the presentation of the description 

 of a special apparatus for clinical use. This apparatus has been tested and 

 extensively used in the New England Deaconess Hospital in the long series 

 of researches on diabetes. The technique of the operation of the apparatus 

 for experiments with diabetic patients is given in detail. 



(9) The rapidity with which alcohol and some sugars may serve as nutriment. Harold L. 



Higgins. Am. Jour. Physiol., 41, 258 (1916). 



By determination of respiratory quotients in periods of 3 and 4 minutes' 

 duration upon subjects without breakfast, it was concluded that: Alcohol 

 begins to be burned in appreciable quantity in from 5 to 11 minutes after 

 taking; with some subjects the combustion began more quickly than with 

 Others. Sucrose, lactose, and levulose begin to be burned quite as soon as 

 alcohol, if not sooner. Glucose and maltose are not utilized as food as soon 

 as the other sugars or alcohol, approximately 20 to 30 minutes elapsing 

 before their combustion plays an important part in the metabolism. There 

 is a distinct difference between the metabolism in man of glucose and of lev- 

 ulose and galactose, as shown by a study of the gaseous exchange, especially 

 of the respiratory quotients. 



