386 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



PHYSIOLOGY. 



Reichert, E. T., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

 The differentiation of starches of parent-stock and hybrids. (For previous 

 reports see Year Books 9-14.) 



Dr. Reichert has continued his investigations and is engaged in the 

 preparation of his report upon them. It is expected that the report 

 will be ready for printing in the first part of 1917. 



PSYCHOLOGY. 



Franz, Shepherd Ivory, Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, 

 District of Columbia. Investigation of the functions of the cerebrum. 

 (For previous reports sec Year Books Nos. 4-10, 12, and 14.) 



The investigation of the motor functions of the cerebral cortex of 

 the monkey was continued under my direction by Dr. Mildred E. 

 Scheetz, with special reference to that part of the area lying within 

 the central or Rolandic fissure. Not much attention has been directed 

 to that part of the cortex lying within the fissure, perhaps on account 

 of the difficulty of operative technique, but the results now obtained 

 are of special value in connection with the numerous studies of the 

 superficial parts of the motor area. The spatial relations of the areas 

 for the bodily parts within and those outside of the fissure have been 

 worked out in five animals, and these results are being prepared for 

 publication. The results confirm those already reported by me, in 

 showing a considerable individual variation in size and in location of 

 the areas for the different anatomical segments at the bodily periphery. 



Two minor studies of the behavior of the same animals which were 

 used in the above-mentioned work have been made and reported by 

 Dr. E. J. Kempf: (1) Did consciousness of self play a part in the 

 behavior of this monkey; (2) Two methods of subjective learnuig in 

 the monkey Macacus rhesus. 



During the year experiments were made with patients who gave 

 clear clinical evidence of an interference with the cerebral tracts 

 concerned with motor impulses to determine the similarity or dis- 

 similarity of the phenomena of paralysis and recovery therefrom in 

 man and in the higher animals. For a long time it has been known 

 that if the cerebral motor cortex or tracts be interfered with in an 

 animal the animal may recover its ability to move, and this state- 

 ment has been shown to be true for all the kinds of animals which 

 have been experimented with. The results of the experiments with 

 man prove that there is no fundamental difference in kind between 

 his motor recovery and that of animals, and that the differences are 

 only those of degree. This demonstration is absolutely opposed to 

 current beUefs. The results of these experiments led to an investiga- 

 tion of some of the factors influencing the recovery of motor control 



