158 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



a mating signal. Luminous collembolids were collected in every region and 

 one specimen of luminous earthworm, but no Phengodes. Several luminous 

 mycelia of fungi were obtained in decaying wood. 



In Alabama the season was advanced and very rich material was found. A 

 firefly (Phausis) was abundant, which had previously been collected only 

 once. Specimens were presented to the U. S. National Museum, in which 

 there were only three poorly preserved examples. This form is interesting in 

 that it has a very distinctly blue light. The adult female is a white wingless 

 grub with multiple lights on all surfaces and the light-organ is of the simple 

 two-layered type, without "ovals," that is found in the Japanese, Chinese, 

 and Eastern Russian species that have been examined by the writer. In 

 Tuscaloosa luminous collembolids were collected and a number of fine larvae 

 and one male pupa of a Phengodes of unknown species. These were turned 

 over to the U. S. National Museum for identification or naming and the light- 

 ing habits of the larvse and pupa were studied. Arrangements were made for 

 the collection and shipment of other specimens, especially adults in the later 

 seasons. 



In Tennessee many fireflies were studied and luminous collembolids were 

 collected; and in Virginia, where some good luminous fungi were also found. 



The neighborhood of Washington, D. C, was explored in company with 

 Mr. H. S. Barber, of the U. S. National Museum, and Mr. F. A. McDermott; 

 many luminous insects were studied, especially the firefly Pyradomena 

 horealis, whose larva was pupating on the trunks of trees at some distance 

 above the ground. The type locality for luminous collembolids was visited 

 and these interesting insects were found in large numbers. 



Habits and Coloration of Hawaiian Brachyura and Fishes, with a note on the 

 Possibility of Submarine Color-photography, by W. H. Longley. 



Work in Hawaii was undertaken with the idea of testing conclusions pre- 

 viously drawn from a study of West Indian fishes, whose coloration and habits 

 it was proposed to compare with those of other species widely removed from 

 them geographically. It was also hoped that opportunity might present 

 itself for a renewed trial of the possibility of submarine color-photography. 



Immediately after arrival in Honolulu on June 24, a week was spent in the 

 effort to find a place upon the island of Oahu suited to the needs of my investi- 

 gation. Molokai was then visited and what proved to be permanent quarters 

 were taken up at Pukoo, near its eastern extremity, a point perhaps better 

 fitted for my purpose than any other within the group. 



In this connection it is a pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to Dr. 

 C. Montague Cooke, jr., of the Bishop Museum., Professor William Alanson 

 Bryan, of the College of Hawaii, and Mr. Allen Herbert, Minister of Agricul- 

 ture under the old regime, for advice and invaluable assistance in making 

 my preliminary survey of the islands; to Mr. George A. Cooke for his kindly 

 interest in locating me upon Molokai; to Judge C. C. Conradt and Mrs. 

 Conradt for their hospitaHty during my stay in Pukoo; to Mr. Frederick A. 

 Potter, of the aquarium in Honolulu, for many professional courtesies; and 

 to Mr. A. W. Collins, manager of the Pioneer Mill, Lahaina, and Captain 

 John H. Wilson, of Kamalo, for generous aid at essential points. 



The flat between the shore and the margin of the fringing reef at Pukoo 

 averages about half a mile in width and is covered at different points by 

 water varying from a few inches to 6 feet or more in depth, according to the 

 stage of the tide. It is comparatively free from fine sediment washed down 

 from the land to make the water turbid, and is covered profusely in places 

 by spongy banks of branching Porites, which are frequented by fishes and 



