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CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



a considerable portion of the total amount of food and drink ingested to be 

 taken incidentally throughout the day and not as a part of the regular three 

 meals. These food materials may be classified as "extra foods." Several 

 studies of food intake made in recent years have proved that not far from 

 10 per cent of the total calories a day may come from this source. This fact 

 is not generally appreciated even by the physician and student of dietetics, 

 but should be taken into account in obtaining a true measure of the daily 

 diet. Information regarding the caloric value of these extra foods has there- 

 fore great significance, for, as pointed out in this article, these extra foods may, 

 in many instances, be actually the determining factor in obesity, while on 

 the other hand, a diet somewhat deficient in calories may be legitimately 

 supplemented by food taken in this way. 



The article here abstracted is the initial report in a series of papers giving 

 the results obtained in a study now in progress at the Nutrition Laboratory 

 to obtain definite information regarding the caloric content of these extra 

 foods by direct combustion in the bomb calorimeter. The energy content 

 of many of the so-called "soft" or temperance drinks has also been studied 

 and these observations will be continued. It is, furthermore, the purpose to 

 study typical noonday lunches which are taken in the industrial centers by 

 a large number of workers who do not eat their midday meal at home. 



The extra foods considered in this article are the various forms of sweet 

 chocolate, milk chocolate, and nut chocolate, a number of temperance drinks, 

 including ginger ale and grape juice, and products of the American soda 

 fountain, particularly the ice-cream sodas and college ices or "sundaes." 

 With many of these foods, the nitrogen content was likewise determined. 

 It is shown that while temperance drinks having a large admixture of water, 

 such as ginger ale and possibly grape juice, do not add greatly to the caloric 

 intake, the ordinary portions of sodas and college ices are of considerable 

 significance. As a typical example of the possible number of calories obtained 

 in these extra foods, which are for the most part neglected in a consideration 

 of the caloric intake, a table of the original article is reproduced here, which 

 gives the caloric value of a number of sundaes or college ices with the different 

 combinations as served at the ordinary soda fountain. The energy content 

 of these sundaes ranged per portion from 225 to 516 calories; thus it is per- 

 fectly possible to obtain 400 or even more calories of energy from an ordinary 

 college ice. 



