224 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



ratus. There is very little difference subjectively in either apparatus 

 or breathing appUance. 



The respiratory quotient with a closed chamber versus that with a 

 breathing-appliance respiration apparatus. — It has been apparent for 

 a number of years that there is a material difference in the respiratory 

 quotients found with a Regnault-Reiset type of closed-circuit apparatus 

 as compared with those found with a breathing-appliance respiration 

 apparatus. An investigation has been begun by Dr. T. M. Carpenter 

 to ascertain the cause of this difference. The clinical respiration 

 apparatus devised in this laboratory has been used for the closed-circuit 

 type and a combination of a half-face mask, valves, and spirometer 

 has been employed for the breathing-appliance type of apparatus. 

 Untrained medical students have thus far been used as subjects. The 

 experiments are still in progress. 



Physiological application of the modern gas-mask. — This laboratory is 

 interested in all types of breathing appliances which can be used in 

 studies of the respiratory exchange. The recent development of a gas- 

 mask has given us an opportunity to compare the respiratory exchange 

 with this appliance and that found by standard respiratory-exchange 

 apparatus; a number of experiments of this character have been con- 

 ducted by Dr. T. M. Carpenter. 



Distribution of alcohol in tissues. — The investigation with human 

 subjects, reported previously, upon the concentration of alcohol in 

 urine when introduced by the mouth or per rectum showed that there 

 was a f'airly definite curve of concentration of alcohol in the urine from 

 the standpoint of time, and that there might be differences according 

 to the method of introduction. It is believed that the concentration 

 of alcohol in the various tissues, urine, and blood will be of importance 

 in interpreting the metabolic results of introduction of alcohol. An 

 investigation has been started by Dr. T. M. Carpenter upon the 

 methods of recovery of alcohol from tissues with reference to such a 

 study. Experiments are now in progress upon the distribution of alco- 

 hol in tissues and fluids of various animals, depending upon the method 

 of introduction, viz, respiratory tract and skin, by mouth, and per 

 rectum. 



