222 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



of the temperature is accompanied by excessive involuntary mus- 

 cular activity, usually in the form of shivering, which in itself produces 

 a considerable increase in the metabolism. To eliminate this extra- 

 neous factor, an investigation has been conducted with a professional 

 artist's model whose training has made it possible for her to withstand 

 very cold environmental temperatures. In connection with this study 

 of heat-production, studies have been made of water vaporized from 

 the skin under various conditions, and particularly of the changes in 

 skin temperature due to changes in temperature environment. Studies 

 are also planned on the stimulating effect of various foods with differ- 

 ent environmental temperatures. This investigation has been carried 

 out with the active and intelligent cooperation of Miss Alice Johnson, 

 assisted by Miss Mary D. Finn. 



Metabolism of cold-blooded animals. — Although engaged the greater 

 part of the year in the research on undernutrition, Mr. Edward L. 

 Fox during the spring of 1918 was able to resume the investigation 

 at the New York Zoological Park on the metabolism of cold-blooded 

 animals. An effort was made to secure experimental data clearing up 

 several obscure points noted in the earlier part of the research. In the 

 summer of 1918 Mr. Fox entered the National service, and thus the 

 continuation of this research has been indefinitely postponed. 



Group studies of the energy requirements of normal individuals. — The 

 sustained interest of the department of physiology of Simmons College, 

 and particularly of Professor Alice F. Blood, made it possible for us, 

 in the spring of 1918, to resume our observations on groups of young 

 women from that institution. This cooperation has proved most 

 profitable, both to the Nutrition Laboratory and to Simmons College, 

 for not only have the results contributed greatly to our knowledge of 

 the normal metabolism of women with various activities, but the 

 whole research, and particularly the participation in it, have been of 

 real value to the several classes cooperating. The study will be 

 extended so as to include a wider range of physical activities each year. 



The influence of recuperation upon metabolism. — The pronounced 

 difference in the subjective feelings of all persons prior to and following 

 the usual summer vacation has led to a special study of the basal 

 metabolism of a group of volunteers to note differences, if any, in the 

 metabolism under these conditions. With some 10 subjects Miss Alice 

 Johnson and Miss Mary F. Hendry have been occupied in studying 

 the basal metabolism with the clinical respiration chamber. 



The calorific value of extra foods. — In a number of recent dietary 

 studies, the investigators have recognized the importance of noting 

 exactly the calorific intake of foods taken outside of the usual meals. 

 Inasmuch as the energy intake from this source may be relatively 

 large, Mrs. Cornelia Golay Benedict has begun an extended investiga- 

 tion into the calorific value, as determined by the bomb calorimeter, 



