312 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



the early Pleistocene may be followed northward through North 

 Carolina, along the Potomac to Washington, to Chesapeake Beach 

 on the west shore of Chesapeake Bay, to Swedesboro, Fish House, 

 Navesink Hills, New Jersey, to Throg's Neck, New York, and possibly 

 Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. At Fish House, horse remains 

 are definitely located in Pensauken (approximately Aftonian) clays. 

 At Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania, 22 miles away, in a cave, over 50 

 species of mammals have been found, of which 80 per cent are extinct. 



6. The Lissie and Beaumont formations of Texas belong likewise 

 approximately to the time of the first interglacial stage, inasmuch as 

 they contain remains of camels, horses, megatherium, and Elephas 

 imperator. 



7. The great body of the Sunderland and Wicomico formations 

 and their equivalents of whatever name, also the greater part of the 

 Talbot and of the Chowan, were not laid down in the sea, but above 

 sea-level along the lower reaches of rivers. The Sunderland and 

 Wicomico are destitute of marine fossils; the Talbot and Chowan 

 afford such fossils only along the existing coast and estuaries. All 

 of these formations do contain land animals, elephants, mastodons, 

 and (except the Talbot and its equivalents, Cape May and Pamlico) 

 horses. The same statements are true regarding the Lissie and the 

 Beaumont of Texas. 



8. At Vero, Florida, associated with the early Pleistocene fauna, 

 have been found bones and other relics of human beings. These appear 

 to have the same geologic age as the fossil mammals. In a deposit at 

 Charleston, South Carolina, intimately associated with mastodon and 

 horse, a piece of pottery has been found. 



Wieland, G. R., Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Associate in 

 Paleontology. (For previous reports see Year Books Nos. 2-4, 6-9, 11-16.) 



Comparative studies of Rhatic floras, sectioning of South American 

 coniferous woods, preparation of a volume on Anatomy, in continuation 

 of American Fossil Cycads, Vols. I and II, a closer examination of the 

 fossil evidence bearing on the origin of dicotyls, and some attention 

 to related topics, lists the main activities of the present year. Inci- 

 dentally it has been necessary to study the subjects of extinction and 

 parallelism. Notes touching on these subjects have been given or 

 are in preparation. Especially the anatomical facts of the fossil 

 record bearing on homoplastic origins carry us hard by the field 

 occupied by Clements's* "Plant Succession." Another highly impor- 

 tant boundary-line to which the study of the Cycadeoids has been 

 extended, is that of dicotyl stem structure. There is already in 

 evidence among botanists a vigorous conflict of opinion as to what 



* Clements, F. E.: Plant Succession. An analysis of the development of vegetation. Carnegie 

 Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 242, 527 pp. (1916). 



