102 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



and separated from the neighboring squamal arches by condensed 

 mesenchyme and, in addition, they show an advanced stage of chon- 

 drification. 



Observations have been made by Dr. C. L. Davis on the somites of 

 the head in a human embryo of 20 paired somites. He finds 3 somites 

 that can be recognized as bearing definite topographical relations to 

 the hindbrain. This particular specimen is of especial embryological 

 value, and Dr. Davis has in preparation a study of its general form 

 and the anatomy of its different organs. 



Three embryological studies dealing with external form have ap- 

 pealed during the year: the development of the external nose, by Dr. 

 A. H. Schultz; the early recognition of sex from the external genitalia 

 in human embryos 15 to 50 mm. long, by M. H. Spaulding; and the 

 participation of the crus helicis in the development of the external 

 ear, by myself. The latter two papers are in the nature of prelimi- 

 nary communications and will subsequently appear in more complete 

 form. 



In the first part of this report mention was made of the extensive 

 anthropological study of the human fetus now in preparation by Dr. 

 A. H. Schultz. One of the early results of this work has been the dis- 

 covery of very marked racial differences in the form of the nose, which 

 can be recognized as early as the beginning of the third month. Com- 

 pared with the white, the negro fetus shows a greater nasal width, 

 absolutely, as well as in relation to nasal height and facial breadth, 

 during the entire intrauterine period. In height the nose of the white 

 fetus is relatively larger than that of the negro. Other early differ- 

 ences in the shape and direction of the nostrils add to the importance 

 of the nose in racial diagnosis. 



Besides being a comparative study. Dr. Schultz's paper also furnishes 

 accurate data on the conditions of growth of the human nose through- 

 out fetal development. There is a decrease in the relative nasal height 

 and relative nasal breadth as the fetus advances in age, showing that 

 the size of the nose diminishes in relation to the size of the face. The 

 rate of growth of the nose in both dimensions is least in the fifth and 

 seventh months, a condition which indicates a certain rhythm of de- 

 velopment. Growth in height of the nose is more intensive than that 

 in breadth, which relation causes a progressive decrease in the nasal 

 index. In breadth the nose manifests a less active growth in its upper 

 part, between the eyes, than between the nasal wings. As development 

 advances the former (the interocular breadth) steadily diminishes in 

 relation to the breadth of the face. This decrease is very rapid during 

 the third and fourth months. The relative narrowing of the nasal 

 bridge, or the distance between the eyes, continues even after birth, 

 but in man does not reach those extremes found in all monkeys and 

 apes. Fetuses of the latter genera show a decrease in interocular 



