EUGENICS RECORD OFFICE. 153 



Surgeon General's Office in June 1919, in collaboration with Lieu- 

 tenant-Colonel A. G. Love. In November 1919 there was issued, 

 in collaboration with Lieutenant-Colonel Love, "Defects found in 

 drafted men." The first edition consisted of 359 pages of text and 

 did not include the extensive appendix. In the summer of 1920 the 

 printing of the full book, including about 1,600 pages with the tables, 

 figures, and plates, was authorized, and it has since been issued from the 

 press. This work dealt with the defects found in 500,000 men who were 

 rejected by draft boards on physical grounds and about 2,000,000 

 recruits who were examined also at military camps. It is impossible 

 to summarize a statistical work here. It may merely be stated that 

 the incidence of each of the principal groups of diseases in the military 

 population was analyzed; that the incidence of these diseases in the 

 different states was considered; and the relation of these diseases to 

 classification in the military service was discussed. The whole 

 country was divided into 155 geographical sections, partly based upon 

 the nature of the population and certain physiographic features. 

 The distribution of defects in each of these different sections is ana- 

 lyzed. Similar sections are then consolidated into larger groups, such 

 as agricultural, manufacturing, mining, desert, mountain, maritime, 

 largely Scandinavian, largely German and Austrian, largely of Scottish 

 origin, and so on. Also, the comparative distribution of defects is 

 given for urban and rural districts. The selected cities showed about 

 15 per cent more of defect than did the rural districts. This excess of 

 urban defects is largely determined by the excess of flat feet in urban 

 districts. There is also in the cities an excess of underweight, inflam- 

 mation of the middle ear, errors of refraction, goiter, pulmonary 

 tuberculosis, defective teeth, and syphilis. Defects of the rural 

 districts are largely influenced by the racial fact that the negro popula- 

 tion is more prevailingly rural than the white population. The rural 

 districts exceed the urban in hereditary congenital defects, partly due 

 to the differential migration away from rural districts of those without 

 such defects and partly to the more frequent consanguineous matings 

 in a rural population with such defects. The rural districts, also, show 

 an excess of defects arising from accidental injuries. 



In summary, the northeastern part of the country appears to be 

 characterized by congenital defects and those of city life. The 

 Northwest is characterized by deformities due to accidents, by goiter, 

 and by flat-foot. The Southeast is characterized by venereal diseases, 

 hookworm, and similar other complications, including blindness of one 

 eye, arthritis and ankylosis, underweight, mental defect, emotional 

 disturbances, pellagra, hernia, loss of upper extremity, and bullet or 

 other wounds. The Southwest is characterized by tuberculosis, drug 

 addiction, hypertrophied tonsils, and hernia. The northern central 

 area is contrasted with the southern central by having more goiter, 



