272 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



tween the quotients obtained by the Haldane method for animals and 

 those obtained by analyzing the outcoming air from the chamber. 

 As the air entering the chamber was free from carbon dioxide and water, 

 an analysis of the outcoming air gave the respiratory quotient directly. 

 Such comparisons were made both by means of alcohol check-tests and 

 with animals. These studies were earned out by Dr. T. M. Carpenter 

 with the cooperation of Miss Jane L. Finn. 



Determination of alcohol concentration in urine. — In connection with 

 the study made by Professor Miles on the psychological effects of using 

 beverages containing 2.75 per cent of alcohol by weight, the concen- 

 tration of alcohol in the urines collected in half-hour periods was de- 

 termined by Miss Jane L. Finn, assisted by Mr. Edward S. Mills. 



Compilation of tables, factors, and formulas for computing respiratory 

 exchange and biological transformations of energy. — The increasing use 

 of metaboHsm studies in pure physiology and clinical work requires the 

 utilization of various tables, factors, and formulas for computing the 

 results. To have all of these available in one publication, a compila- 

 tion has been made by Dr. Carpenter of the different tables used in 

 such computations, together with the standards of metabolism and other 

 formulas and factors commonly employed. The preparation of the 

 tables was carried out mainly by Mr. William H. Leslie, assisted by 

 Miss Clara E. Borden and Miss Mary D. Finn. 



Metabolism as affected by cold environment. — The earlier work on a 

 nude subject was supplemented by a few critical experiments on the 

 same subject, though an extended series was impracticable. A respi- 

 ration chamber for a medium-sized dog was provided with a special 

 air-cooling device and a series of observations with low-temperature 

 environments commenced. 



Survey of skin temperature. — The simple apparatus for accurately de- 

 termining skin temperature made possible a large number of observa- 

 tions upon a female nude subject. Dr. Nils Stenstrom, of Stockholm, 

 kindly consented to serve as subject for a series of similar measurements 

 to determine the effect of prolonged exposure to cold. Observations 

 of the average skin temperature were made under the clothing on many 

 staff members, and data for six subjects were secured after a night's 

 rest in bed before rising. These observations were for the most part 

 carried out by Miss Ahce Johnson and Miss Marion L. Baker. 



Study of the metabolism of oxen. — In continuance of the earlier work, 

 two large oxen were given limited rations for several months and their 

 gaseous metabolism studied in the respiration chamber at Durham, 

 New Hampshire. As a result of the visit of Professor Ritzman to the 

 Institute for Animal Nutrition, State College, Pennsylvania (Professor 

 H. P. Armsby, Director), special arrangements were made to conduct 

 a much more specialized study of metabolic processes during under- 

 nutrition, with complete analyses of hay, urine, and feces, as well as 



