51 



emhryological evidences must here be appealed to and the whole systematic posi- 

 tion of the species in (|ueslion taken into account. As far as our present knowleiigc 

 goes, the modification of the coxal sac, which is found in Cli. lampropsalis sp. aff. 

 from Spain, seems to be a more primitive structure than that of Ch. Morlensenii 

 n. sp. f. inst., at least, when the sharp division of the sac into two divisions and 

 the specialized structure of the "funnel", with the basal "tubercles" distinct of the 

 latter species, are considered; the high development of the ridges in Ch. sp., com- 

 pared with their rather poor development in Ch. Moricnsenii n. sp., is not in favour 

 of this conjecture, but the well developed tergal keels and teeth of the claws of 

 the latter, compared to the slightly developed ones of the former species, bear out 

 the same story. 



7. Classification. 



I. Classification of Suborders, Families and Subfamilies. 



In spite of the few genera of the Chelonethi they have been arranged in a 

 rather different way by the various authors, mainly due to the drawbacks, arising 

 from a wrong interpretation of the femoral parts in the first pair of legs, in 

 the first system worked out in detail, namely that by the able French Zoologist 

 E. Simon. He divided (1879. 5. j). 19) the false-scorpions into three subfamilies, 

 based upon characters taken from the antennae and legs principally; his system 

 was accepted by most authors with the diflerent alterations, made necessary by 

 the discovery of new types and new structural features, f. inst. by Tömesvary (1882. 

 40. pp. 182-183), Daday (1889. 11. p. 167) and partly Balzan. Another system, based 

 upon a great number of characters, found out by a more thorough examination 

 of the skeleton, was proposed by Hansen (1884. 9. pp. 531-533), who divided the 

 order into two subfamilies, really corresponding to his own and Balzan's two sub- 

 orders. A similar system was independently set forth by Balzan (1890. 4(5. p. 40t5); 

 but the characters upon which he based his system were only taken from the 

 antennae, and in his new system (1891. 12. p. 504), in which he gives his two 

 families the rank of suborders, he divides these into several families and sub- 

 families, partly new, partly identical to those established by Simon and of very 

 unequal value owing to his wrong interpretation of the femoral parts. This system 

 was accepted by Hansen with a good many rather important alterations (1894. 49. 

 p. 228); instead of discussing each system separately, I prefer to compare them 

 with each other in every particular. 



Balzan (1891. 12. p. 509) characterizes his suborder the Pandenodactyli in the 

 following manner, "Corpus depressuni vel subdepressum. Chelae parvae. Serrula 

 dentium chelarum digito niobili omnino adnexa", and the Hemictenodactyli (1891. 

 12. p. 539) "Corpus plus minusve cylindricum. Chelae magnae. Serrula dentium, 

 digito niobili poslice tantum adnexa". The two last of these characters were 



T 



