1S93.] 115 [Eolley. 



Or ibe customary use of pine torches in the Orgies : 



" Chor. The while the frantic Bacchanal, 



The beaconing pine torch on her wand, 

 Whirls around with rapid hand." 



Or: 



"TiR. As him shall we behold on Delphi's crags, 

 Leaping, with his pine torches lighting up 

 The rifts of the twin-headed rock ; and shouting 

 And shaking all around his Bacchic wand 

 Great through all Hellas." 



It was, as Dyer points out,^^ not at all uncommon for the priests of the 

 temples "to combine and maintain with equal hand the various culls of 

 various divinities centred there." There was an early brotherhood of 

 tliis kind established between Dionysos and Apollo, accompanied at times 

 by an exchange of attributes and symbols, as is done by ^schylus when 

 he sings : 



" Apollo, ivy-god and prophet bacchanal." ^ 



Or by the words of Euripides r^" 



" Lord Bacchus, lover of the laurel tree." 



We see the blending of the Apollo and Dionysos cult in the appellations 

 Dionysos meJpomenos^° and Apollo Dionysodotos. In the frequent transfer 

 of insignia of one god to anotlier, the tripod, originally a bacchic symbol, 

 is permanently turned over to Apollo — -(upr/ycxo) Tpi-uSs^ i/. Autvuaav^ 

 "dedicated to a god by victorious choruses " *' — although given as a prize 

 at the festivals of Dionysos in the Attic dithyrambic contests*' and we 

 find it associated with the vine on the shields of warriors, pictured on cer- 

 tain Greek vases. *^ Again Bacchus was worshiped in the shape of 

 Apollo's bull/* as at Elis, S.^ie zaups*^ or in turn lends his crown of ivy 

 to Poseidon.'"' 



Apollo as the god of light, Dionysos as the earth god, combine tlie 

 attributes of light, heat and moisture, the essentials of all organic life. 

 "We can, therefore, understand the close relation of their cults, and ex- 

 plain the presence of a dat.e palm tree alongside the oracle of Apollo. 



37 studies of the Gods in Greece, Macmillan, 1891, pp. 29-36. 

 ^^schylus Tr., 394 ; cf. Macrobius, Saturn, 18, 6. 

 39Macrobius, Saturn, 18, 6. 

 *" Pausanius, i, 2, 3, 4; xxxi, 3. 



« Gerhard, Auserlesene Griechische Vasenbilder, etc., i, p. 115; cf. Mnller, Der tripodc dvl- 

 pliico, p. ii ; Awalthea, i, s. 127. 

 12 Athen, ii, 37, i/lxTjTrjptd'^ £> J:ir^U(T()<i, " the festival of victory." 

 «Gerhard, I. c., Tab. xxxi. 

 ■M Gerhard, /. c, p. 114, Tab. xxxii. 



«Plut. Qnxs. Gr., 36; Historia Namorum, pp. 33, 66; Ckuzqv Sy inhol , iii, 87-95. 

 « Gerhard, Tab. x ; Paus., vii, 20, 1 ; iii, 24, 6. 



