10 METZGER— THE FILIPINO. [March 17, 



The exact number of tribes in existence on the several islands at 

 the present time is not definitely known, however, the following 

 are a few of those which we as a foster nation must deal with : 

 Tagalog, Viscayan, Macabebe, Yliocano, Musulman, Igorrote, 

 Malaneg, Pampangan, Pangasinan, Itanes, Goddan, Tinguian, 

 Dodayan, Idayan, Apayao, Negrito, Itugoao, Ibiloa, Zambal, 

 Vrigrito, Cebuano, Panayano, Munabo, Coyuro, Calamino, Agu- 

 tamo, and that great hybrid class, the Maestizo. Other of the 

 fifty-two tribes, which have thus far been determined, might be 

 mentioned, but I believe it to be superfluous here, as their customs 

 are in the main those of the aforementioned. In this ethnical 

 analysis I have dealt solely with generic denominations, for whilst 

 these tribes are subdivided, the clans show no material moral or 

 physical difference and the local names are apt to be confusing. 

 Lie,siwe, in order to avoid prejudice, it becomes necessary to 

 divide this great congeries of humanity into two great classes, the 

 domesticated Filipino and the properly termed savage. Conserva- 

 tive estimation elicits the fact that three hundred thousand of the 

 population of this archipelago are human beings in whom exotic 

 notions do not pertain and in whom are the instincts of the wild 

 animal, and of this number one fifth are to be found on the island 

 of Luzon, the largest and at the same time the most enlightened 

 from ecclesiastic and worldly standpoints. 



As all uncivilized human beings have characteristics in common 

 and at the same time many distinctive traits characterize a people 

 surrounded by the same natural environments, to recount these as 

 they pertain to the several tribes is wholly unnecessary. It is suf- 

 ficient to point out a few of the characteristic features of the more 

 powerful of this class of untamed nomads as they pertain to the 

 Philippines. 



Probably the most unrestrained and barbarous Filipinos are the 

 Gaddanes. A race occupying the extreme northwestern end of the 

 archipelago and entirely out of the pale of civilization. They are 

 the only real, war-like people of the North. They know no moral 

 restraint and glory in the shedding of blood. At a certain time of 

 the year, when the so-called fire-tree is in bloom, the young men, 

 as is their custom, go forth on a head hunting expedition and vie 

 with each other in presenting to the sachem of their tribe all the 

 grewsome trophies they are able to take from their enemies, as a 



