i 9 °5.] METZGER— THE FILIPINO. 17 



the far east such commodities as they were previously accustomed 

 to obtain on the peninsula, consequently they established trading 

 headquarters in the Molacca islands, and from there preyed upon 

 the Spanish galleons carrying provisions and silver from New Spain 

 to the Philippines. This state of piracy continued until 1645, 

 when the Dutch navy under Admiral Whitier, attacked the city of 

 Manila with twelve men-of-war and was defeated by General 

 Lorenzo Ugarte with great loss, including that of the commander 

 of the fleet. 



The period from 1645 t0 I 7 I 9 was one °f contention between 

 Church and State, as to prestige in the civil affairs of the colony. 

 This dissention became more marked and the bitter feeling thus 

 engendered finally culminated in one of the most revolting scenes 

 in Philippine history. Little is to be said of this most disgraceful 

 affair other than that a riotous mob led by the priests of the Sacred 

 Orders of San Fancis, San Dominic and Saint Augustine attacked 

 the palace, stabbed and dragged the Governor, Fernando Busta- 

 mente Bustillo y Riieda, through the streets of Manila, and at the 

 same time killed his son. The mob during their delirium, tore 

 down the Royal Standards and maltreated all those who in any way 

 offended them. A mock investigation was made in due official 

 form but little or no punishment was inflicted on any of the 

 offenders. 



Early in 1561 England became involved in a war with Spain 

 through the so-called Family Compact — an alliance formed by the 

 three branches of the House of Bourbon — and this resulted in the 

 city of Havana and many other of the West India ports falling into 

 the hands of the British, and at the same time the sending of a fleet 

 of thirteen ships, under Admiral Carnish, to the Philippine waters. 

 A siege was begun on the twenty-fourth of September with heavy 

 cannonading from the ships and was replied to by the batteries 01 

 Fort Santiago and San Andres. At the same time troops, to the 

 number of five thousand, were landed to the south of the city and 

 at once engaged the Spanish allies (about five hundred native 

 Pangasenans) driving them back in great disorder to the fortified 

 city. This state of siege lasted for fifteen days, during which time 

 General Draper communicated freely with the Acting Governor 

 relative to surrender. The capitulation was finally accomplished 

 on the sixth day of October after great loss of life, and the British 

 flag soon waved over the walls of Fort Santiago. 



