igo S .] ANATOMY OF PHALjENOPTILUS, RIDGWAY. 217 



Only the merest rudiment of a spleen (Spl., PI. I, Fig. 9) is 

 present. It is a small, whitish, almost round body lying under the 

 right lobe of the liver close beside the gall-bladder. 



The liver (Ziv., PL IV, Figs. 9, 10, 15) consists of two smooth 

 lobes, the right being somewhat the larger. The lobes are con- 

 nected anteriorly. They extend from the heart back over the 

 stomach for about one half its length. From the right lobe just 

 above the duodenum comes off the greenish colored gall-bladder 

 (G. bl., Fig. 9). The figure exhibiting the pancreatic ducts shows 

 also two others, one situated between the ducts of the pancreas 

 and another anterior to the smaller pancreatic opening. These 

 I have taken to be the liver ducts (Ziv. d.). They could not be 

 traced further on account of the mutilated condition of the bird. 



The salivary glands were not found. 



II. Respiratory Organs. 



The glottis is an oval aperture situated behind the root of the 

 tongue leading into the trachea. Immediately posterior to the 

 glottis is a bilobed fimbriated fold of the mucous membrane. 



Ventrally, the larynx (Zar., PL IV, Fig. 10) presents two 

 rather fiat, somewhat triangular, cartilages, the thyroids, which ter- 

 minate anteriorly at the posterior border of the basihyal. The 

 thyroids are narrowed in front but not pointed. The two carti- 

 lages are divided anteriorly by the urohyal which extends almost to 

 their base. 



The length of the trachea (Tra., PL IV, Fig. 10) from the 

 larynx to the branching of the bronchii is about 5 cm. The rings 

 of the trachea, about seventy-seven in number, are complete with 

 two exceptions ; the anterior dorsal has its dorsal edges fused with 

 the thyoid, and the rings of the posterior dorsal surface are incom- 

 plete. There are three modifications of these rings on the ventral 

 surface. Succeeding the base of the larynx there are four simple 

 rings. The next three are slightly constricted in the middle. 

 From this point down to where the trachea begins to broaden out 

 before passing between the forks of the furcula, the rings are inter- 

 laced, trowel fashion. Between the last of these rings and the 

 branching of the bronchii we find a repetition of the condition first 

 described, only the rings are broader and stronger. 



The trachea has only two sets of muscles (PL IV, Figs. 7, 8, 10). 



