1902.] G ROTE — SEARCH FOR THE TYPE OF NOCTUA LINN. 17 



men and includes his type. Lederer in 1857 cites Plusia Fabr., 

 but I can find no such genus in Fabricius and the name should be 

 restored to Hiibner. Chrysoptera Latr., 1825, is said to be preoc. 

 cupied. It is used by Meigen in 1832 for concha, deaurata and 

 moneta alone. 



The names and types of the subgenera of Plusia are given by me 

 in these Proceedings, 417 (1895). Typical N. Am. species of 

 Plusia are : derea, dereoides, balluca, metallica (lenzi, scapularis). 



GRAPHIPHORA. 

 1806. HuEBNER, Tent., i. 

 Gothica, sole species and therefore type. 



181 6. OcHSENH., Schm. Eur., iv, dZ. 



Ravida and sixteen other species belonging to Agrotis in sensu 

 Lederer, excluding Hiibner's type, though taking the name from 

 Tentamen. The confusion now commences in European literature. 

 The genus is used for Agrotidians, with which gothica was origin- 

 ally held as allied, until the type is made also the type of Taenio- 

 campa, Guenee, which must fall. 



1 81 6. HuEBNER, Vei'zeichniss, 220. 



Has no genus, but a Stirps Graphiphorse, which comprises 

 numerous genera, mostly of Agrotidians, among them Epi- 

 sema, which he takes from Ochsenheimer, including gothica. 

 No -examination had been made then of the structure of 

 the eyes and legs ; pattern and size seemed at that time 

 to warrant the juxtaposition of Taeniocampids and Agrotidians 

 (still difficult to separate, e.g.^ Pachnobia and Metalepsis). But 

 the original sense of Graphiphora must be restored. Boisduval, in 

 1829, refers "Graphiphora Ochs." as a synonym of Noctua and 

 Agrotis, and' includes its type gothica (/. c, 67) as structurally 

 identical. This proves the accuracy of the statement given above 

 as to the views prevalent at the beginning of the last century. 



1875-76. Grote, Buffalo Check List, 13, 37. 



Gives the North American species, referred to Taeniocampa, to 

 Graphiphora, and designates gothica as type. Repeats this in 1895, 

 Entom. Record, 29, and last Check List, Abh. Brem. Nat. Ver., 

 xiv, and now ''finally" insists. 



PROC. AMER. PHILOS. SOC. XLI. 168. B. PRINTED MARCH 18, 1902. 



