412 STENGEL — SPECIFIC PRECIPITINS. [Dec. 5, 



carded the mixtures after a few hours, as we had always observed 

 that flocculent precipitation occurred in many of the test-tubes 

 containing other than human blood after a lapse of twenty-four 

 to forty- eight hours. In no case was there the slightest difficulty in 

 distinguishing the human blood from animal blood at the primary 

 experiment, but the greatest care was necessary in the details of 

 the experiments to avoid any contamination. In one experiment 

 a striking result which could not be at first explained was subse- 

 quently found to be due to a contamination. 



Should this test upon further investigation prove as satisfactory 

 as now seems probable, it will still be most essential in its practical 

 application that the experimentor have experience, not alone with 

 this method, but with the management of injeccions and serum 

 work generally. Should the test be used in medico-legal cases, I 

 believe that it is most essential that the experimentor's experience 

 in serum and blood work generally be carefully scrutinized before 

 his results are accepted. 



With regard to the applicability of this test, Uhlenhuth, Stern, 

 Nuttall, Griinbaum and others have studied the effects of the serum 

 of the blood of various forms of monkeys and apes. Uhlenhuth 

 had positive results with baboon's blood. Stern used three different 

 kinds of monkeys — a species of Cercopithecus, Macacus Cynomol- 

 gus (Java Ape) and the Crown Ape. Nuttall used four species of 

 monkeys — Cercopithecus Campbelli, Cercopithecus Patas, Cerco- 

 pithecus Lalandii and Macacus Rhesus. Griiabaum has tested the 

 gorilla, orang and chimpanzee in particular. Stern found feeble 

 reactions with the three species of monkeys employed. Nuttall 

 found a slight reaction with the blood of the four monkeys tested, 

 and Griinbaum found reactions with the three animals used by him, 

 and also found that human blood was precipitated by rapid serum 

 from animals injected with the blood of the gorilla, orang, chim- 

 panzee. 



In a later communication Nuttall reports that in testing 140 

 specimens of blood none excepting monkey blood gave the reaction 

 with the anti-serum for human blood. He states that all the bloods 

 of the Old World monkeys gave a marked reaction, less powerful, 

 however, than that of human blood. They also reacted to weak 

 anti-serum. On the other hand, the South American monkey gave 

 but a slight reaction with human dilute serum and a weak anti- 

 serum produced no precipitation in the blood of Mycetes Senicu- 



