HARSHBERGER— STUDY OF THE CLOVERS. 143 



(England), repens (New Jersey), tomentosum (Island Porto Santa), 

 wormskioldii (California). 



Desert. — Trifolium gracilenhim (California). 



Pedregal. — Trifolium zvilldenovii (Mexico). 



Prostrate Mats. — Trifolium gracilentum (California), melanan- 

 thum (California), rcsupinatmn (Madeira), variegatum (Cali- 

 fornia). 



Prostrate Xerophytes. — Trifolium depauperatum (California), 

 piluliferum (Palestine). 



General Geographical Distribution. 



One fact which impressed the writer in the study of the clovers 

 (Trifolium) at the Herbarium of Kew Gardens, London, England, 

 in July, 1907, was the large number of species found in California, 

 Oregon, Washington (Pacific North America), and in Palestine and 

 Syria in the near east. In both cases the countries rich in clovers 

 face western oceans, Palestine and Syria facing the Mediterranean 

 Sea, and California, Oregon, and Washington the Pacific Ocean. 

 " Orient " in the enumeration given below probably means the near 

 east, and if the six North African species are deducted, as represented 

 in the Kew Herbarium, there are 85 species from the orient. There 

 are 14 species of clovers given in the second edition of Britton and 

 Brown's " Illustrated Flora," and in the second edition of Small's 

 " Flora of Southeastern United States " 3 species not given for the 

 northern states, making 17 species in all. Seventeen species deducted 

 from the number of North American species (86) in the Kew Her- 

 barium gives 69 species as the number in Western North America, 

 supporting in a general way the statement above, as to distribution in 

 countries facing western oceans. The following numbers are derived 

 from a list of clovers made while at Kew, and, although not complete, 

 they are an indication in an approximate way of the numbers of 

 species of Trifolium in different countries of the world: North Afri- 

 can and Orient (91) ; North African (6) ; Northern Asia (7) ; China 

 and Japan (3) ; India, Malaya (3) ; India (2) ; Australia, New 

 Zealand (4) ; Tropical Africa (20) ; South Africa (14) ; North 

 America (86) ; Central America (9) ; East Tropical South America 



