66 WILLIAMS— DEEP KANSAN PONDINGS IN 



the shapes and thicknesses of the underlying sands and clay, and the 

 depth and slope of the scoured rock floor as it dips toward and be- 

 neath the Conewango. 



This bar originally stood above the level upper sands as do those 

 in front of the Bald Eagle gaps. It stands away from the back of 

 Indian Hollow, across which it originally ran. Its cross-section any- 

 where shows a cylindroidal surface with the sides coming down 

 rather abruptly to the surface of the shoulder of the offshoot from 

 Quaker Ridge behind which it was dropped, as shown in the frontis- 

 piece and in Fig. 8. Its crest merges with that shoulder at 1,488 

 feet, at a distance 2,300 feet up the slope, and 92 feet vertically 

 above the top of the cutting shown in both figures. It is capped with 

 iceberg clay. 



As a further proof that these formations were dropped in deep 

 ponding in sheltered areas along the line of current up the Cone- 

 wango, and only along that line, we find a similar terrace-bar acros 

 Glade Run Valley, since trenched by that stream, consisting of the 

 same succession from Conezvango Clay to Clarendon Gravels. Its 

 axis points up the old Conewango, and toward Barnes, and its 

 foreset dip has the same orientation. G. F.Wright, in 1914,^ showed 

 in his Fig. 2 a section of this bar 250 feet above the Allegheny 

 River. This is in the shelter of the forked shoulder from Quaker 

 Ridge which forms the southeast side of Indian Hollow, and is thus 

 over the ridge from the bar above described. It has the same sand 

 stratum near its top, and at about the same elevation ; but as both 

 bars are bedded with foreset strata, the plane of these interbedded 

 sands at Glade passes in the air at least 1,000 feet above the similar 

 bed at Indian Hollow. We find the same series at Stoneham and at 

 Clarendon, and with the sand stratum near the surface at the latter 

 place, dipping towards Barnes. They are thus not of a general val- 

 ley filling afterwards sculptured to shape, as shown by the iceberg 

 clap capping about Warren, which was not only dropped in deep 

 water; but showed that the shaping antedated the drainage of the 

 ponding. This last is also shown by the peculiar thin sheets of basal 

 conglomerate with limonite matrix, as noted by Williams.^ 



