GOLGOTHA. 

 By PAUL HAUPT. 

 {Read April 24, 1920.) 



The Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, northwest of 

 the Dome of the Rock on the site of the Solomonic Temple, is sup- 

 posed to be built over the tomb in which the body of Christ was 

 laid by Joseph of Arimathea (OC 34, 184).^ This locality would 

 seem to have been within the walls of Jerusalem at the time of the 

 Crucifixion (RB 541''; DB 2, sSg''. 595=^; contrast RE^ 7, 49, 28; 

 EB 2430, 32, ii). But the place of execution was outside the city, 

 in a conspicuous spot, beside a frequented road leading to one of 

 the gates, near a garden with a new rock-cut tomb (Mark 15, 29. 

 40; Heb. 13, 12; Matt. 27, 39; 28, 11 ; Luke 23, 49; John 19, 20. 41). 



The original Church of the Holy Sepulcher was built by Con- 

 stantine the Great (323-337) who is said to have commissioned 

 Bishop Macarius of Jerusalem to search for the tomb and the cross. 

 The bishop reported that the Holy Sepulcher was under the temple 

 of Aphrodite which, according to later writers, had been built by 

 Hadrian in 135. Macarius may have been influenced by the desire 

 to obtain two magnificent Christian churches instead of the pagan 

 sanctuary of Venus (RB 541^). Similarly the traditional scene of 

 the Nativity is alleged to have been desecrated during the reign of 



'^ A']Sl^^= American Journal of Semitic Languages. — AS = Anglo-Saxon. 

 — AV = Authorized Version. — BL=:Haupt, Biblische LiebesUedcr (1907). — 

 DB = Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible. — EB = Cheyne-Black, Encyclopedia 

 Biblica. — EB^i = Encyclopccdia Britannica, eleventh edition. — JAOS =^ Journal 

 of the American Oriental Society. — JBL = /oMrna/ of Biblical Literature. — 

 JHUC = /o/j>!.y Hopkins University Circulars. — JSOR =:/oMrHa/ of the So- 

 ciety of Oriental Research.— OC = The Open Court.— OYLG = Old High Ger- 

 man. — Pwr. =:Haupt, Purim (1906). — RB = Riehm-Bsethgen, Handworter- 

 buch des Biblischen Altertums. — RE^ = Hauck, Realcncyclopddie fiir Pro- 

 testantische Theologie und Kirche, third edition. — ZAT ^^Zeitschrift fiir die 

 alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. 



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