244 HAUPT— GOLGOTHA. 



306, p. 13). The last two verses of the Book of Isaiah represent 

 an appendix which was added about 153 b.c. (AJSL 19, 135). The 

 Kidron valley is also called the Valley of Jehoshaphat (JAOS 34, 

 412). The Jews as well as the Christians and the Mohammedans 

 of Palestine believe that the Last Judgment will be held in the 

 Kidron valley, and it is the dearest wish of every Jew to find a 

 grave there. The whole of the left bank of the Kidron opposite 

 the Temple area is covered with the white tomb-stones of the Jews 

 (EB 2662). Some Jewish teachers believe that the bodies of the 

 righteous will roll back under the ground to Palestine to obtain a 

 share in the resurrection preceding the Messiah's reign on earth 

 (DB 2, 562^). The two valleys have often been confounded: e.g., 

 the great Moslem traveler Ibn Batfitah (1204-1378) says that the 

 valley of Gehenna was east of Jerusalem. 



Golgotha is identical with Topheth in the Valley of Hinnom, 

 south of the Harsith Gate in the southeastern corner of Jerusalem. 

 It was a rubbish-heap like the Roman Monte Testaccio, formed of 

 potsherds and other refusej^ It was therefore known also as 

 Potter's Field, and afterwards it was called Field of Blood, because 

 it was used by the Romans as a place of public execution. The 

 original form of Golgotha was qilqilta, refuse. The form Golgotha, 

 which is also the prototype of our gallozi's, represents a popular 

 etymology. The Romans may have called the Harsith Mons Testa- 

 ceus, and since testa means both potsherd and skull, this name may 

 have been interpreted as Place of Skulls. After the Harsith had 

 been used by the Romans as the place of crucifixion for a number 

 of years, skulls may have been more in evidence there than pot- 

 sherds. Jeremy Taylor, whose Life of Christ was published in 1649, 

 calls the scene of the greatest event in Jerusalem's history a hill of 

 death and dead hones, impure and polluted (EB 1753). The Mo- 

 hammedans sometimes give the Church of the Holy Sepulcher the 

 nickname Kamsat-al-Quniamah, Church of Rubbish (RB 540*^) in- 

 stead of Kanlsat-al-Qiyamah, Church of the Resurrection. 



~ In Corfu the people at a given signal on Easter Eve throw vast quanti- 

 ties of crockery from their windows and roofs into the streets. This is inter- 

 preted as an imaginary stoning of Judas Iscariot. Descendants of the traitor 

 were supposed to be among the Jews of Corfu (EB^^iS, 536^). 



