466 STEVENSON— INTERRELATIONS OF FOSSIL FUELS. 



t 



houiller, has a typical mur and the toit is rich in plant remains. 

 Stainier^^ thinks that the poverty of the Chatelet in the Hainaut 

 basin is remarkable, there being only one generally workable seam, 

 though some veinettes are mined locally. The V. Leopold, known 

 under many names, is lOO to 140 meters above the poudingue and 

 attains workable thickness at numerous places. At 50 meters higher 

 is the V. Ste.-Barbe-de-Floriffoux, which is thickest midway in the 

 basin, where it is in two benches, 10 and 40 centimeters, separated 

 by a shale parting of 80 centimeters, and yields a coal having vola- 

 tile, 17; fixed carbon, 68.72; ash, 14.28. The mur is white, silicious, 

 with Stigmaria, and is from 0.30 to i meter thick. It bears great 

 resemblance to the English ganister. The roof is black laminated 

 shale with marine fossils. Stainier has described at least six hori- 

 zons of fossils, one of them unmistakably marine, the others proba- 

 bly brackish water. The Chatelet coal seams become wholly unim- 

 portant toward the west. 



The Assise de Charleroi is divided in the Liege district into St.- 

 Gilles, Liege and Seraing faisceaux, 200, 350 and 400 meters as 

 extreme thicknesses. The coal seams are 9, 14 and 13. All are 

 thin, rarely reaching one meter, but the Grande Maret, at base of 

 the Liege faisceau, averages 1.80 and sometimes reaches 2.12 meters; 

 it has three partings, yy centimeters, and is the only seam in this fais- 

 ceau which is mined systematically ; the Grand Bac, next above it, 

 is mined at some localities. Only two seams of the Seraing, the 

 Stenaye at base and the Houilleux next above, are worked ; but 

 these are exceedingly variable. The marked marine horizon in roof 

 of Grand Bac is thought by Dannenberg^^ to be equivalent to that 

 over Coal 6 of Mine Alarie in the Aachen and that of Catharina in 

 the Ruhr basin. He correlates Charleroi with Saarbriickian. 



Charleroi deposits have been removed from the Andenne district 

 but they are important in the Hainaut basin. Stainier finds three 

 faisceaux, Sablonniere, des Ardennoises and Goufre. The upper 

 part of the Sablonniere is no longer accessible, but there are six 

 workable seams and several streaks in the lower portion. Almost 

 all of them have a faux-toit, sometimes cannel-like, and are divided 



61 X. Stainier, Bull. Soc. Bclg. Geol., t. VIIL, 1894, pp. 17, 20. 

 6- A. Dannenberg, op. cit., p. 284. 



